HttpPartSchema

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.httppart;

import static java.util.Collections.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.reflect.ReflectionUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.ClassUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.CollectionUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.StringUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.ThrowableUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.Utils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.Constants.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartDataType.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartFormat.*;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.function.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.lang.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.reflect.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;

/**
 * Represents an OpenAPI schema definition.
 *
 * <p>
 * The schema definition can be applied to any HTTP parts such as bodies, headers, query/form parameters, and URL path parts.
 * <br>The API is generic enough to apply to any path part although some attributes may only applicable for certain parts.
 *
 * <p>
 * Schema objects are created via builders instantiated through the {@link #create()} method.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Jakarta Bean Validation Support:</h5>
 * <p>
 * As of 9.2.0, this class supports Jakarta Bean Validation constraint annotations (e.g., <c>@NotNull</c>, <c>@Size</c>, <c>@Min</c>, <c>@Max</c>).
 * When these annotations are encountered during schema building, they are automatically mapped to corresponding OpenAPI schema properties:
 * <ul>
 * 	<li><c>@NotNull</c> → <c>required(true)</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Size(min=x, max=y)</c> → <c>minLength/maxLength</c> and <c>minItems/maxItems</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Min(value)</c> → <c>minimum(value)</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Max(value)</c> → <c>maximum(value)</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Pattern(regexp)</c> → <c>pattern(regexp)</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Email</c> → <c>format("email")</c>
 * 	<li><c>@Positive/@PositiveOrZero/@Negative/@NegativeOrZero</c> → Corresponding min/max constraints
 * 	<li><c>@NotEmpty</c> → <c>required(true) + minLength(1)/minItems(1)</c>
 * 	<li><c>@NotBlank</c> → <c>required(true) + minLength(1) + pattern</c>
 * 	<li><c>@DecimalMin/@DecimalMax</c> → <c>minimum/maximum</c> with optional <c>exclusiveMinimum/exclusiveMaximum</c>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * This integration uses pure reflection and does not require <c>jakarta.validation-api</c> as a dependency.
 * The annotations are detected and processed automatically when present.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
 * 	<li class='note'>This class is thread safe and reusable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 * 	<li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/OpenApiBasics">OpenApi Basics</a>
 * </ul>
 */
public class HttpPartSchema {

	private static final AnnotationProvider AP = AnnotationProvider.INSTANCE;

	/**
	 * Builder class.
	 */
	public static class Builder {
		String name, default_;
		Set<Integer> codes;
		Set<String> enum_;
		Boolean allowEmptyValue, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, required, uniqueItems, skipIfEmpty;
		HttpPartCollectionFormat collectionFormat = HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT;
		HttpPartDataType type = HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE;
		HttpPartFormat format = HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT;
		Pattern pattern;
		Number maximum, minimum, multipleOf;
		Long maxLength, minLength, maxItems, minItems, maxProperties, minProperties;
		Map<String,Object> properties;
		Object items, additionalProperties;
		boolean noValidate;
		Class<? extends HttpPartParser> parser;
		Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> serializer;
		// JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 properties
		String const_;
		String[] examples;
		Boolean deprecated;
		Number exclusiveMaximumValue, exclusiveMinimumValue;

		/**
		 * <mk>const</mk> field (JSON Schema Draft 2020-12).
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Defines a constant value for this schema.
		 * The instance must be equal to this value to validate.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder const_(String value) {
			const_ = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>default</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Declares the value of the parameter that the server will use if none is provided, for example a "count" to control the number of results per page might default to 100 if not supplied by the client in the request.
		 * <br>(Note: "default" has no meaning for required parameters.)
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder default_(String value) {
			if (ne(value))
				default_ = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>enum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * If specified, the input validates successfully if it is equal to one of the elements in this array.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or an empty set.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder enum_(Set<String> value) {
			if (nn(value) && ! value.isEmpty())
				enum_ = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>enum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Same as {@link #enum_(Set)} but takes in a var-args array.
		 *
		 * @param values
		 * 	The new values for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder enum_(String...values) {
			return enum_(set(values));
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>additionalProperties</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder additionalProperties(Builder value) {
			if (nn(value))
				additionalProperties = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>additionalProperties</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder additionalProperties(HttpPartSchema value) {
			if (nn(value))
				additionalProperties = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue()}.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder aev() {
			return allowEmptyValue(true);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue(Boolean)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder aev(Boolean value) {
			return allowEmptyValue(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder aev(String value) {
			return allowEmptyValue(value);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Shortcut for calling <code>allowEmptyValue(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder allowEmptyValue() {
			return allowEmptyValue(true);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Sets the ability to pass empty-valued parameters.
		 * <br>This is valid only for either query or formData parameters and allows you to send a parameter with a name only or an empty value.
		 * <br>The default value is <jk>false</jk>.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder allowEmptyValue(Boolean value) {
			allowEmptyValue = resolve(value, allowEmptyValue);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Same as {@link #allowEmptyValue(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder allowEmptyValue(String value) {
			allowEmptyValue = resolve(value, allowEmptyValue);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>additionalProperties(value)</c>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder ap(Builder value) {
			return additionalProperties(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>additionalProperties(value)</c>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder ap(HttpPartSchema value) {
			return additionalProperties(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Apply the specified annotation to this schema.
		 *
		 * @param a The annotation to apply.
		 * @return This object.
		*/
		public Builder apply(Annotation a) {
			if (a instanceof Content a2)
				apply(a2);
			else if (a instanceof Header a2)
				apply(a2);
			else if (a instanceof FormData a2)
				apply(a2);
			else if (a instanceof Query a3)
				apply(a3);
			else if (a instanceof Path a4)
				apply(a4);
			else if (a instanceof PathRemainder a5)
				apply(a5);
			else if (a instanceof Response a6)
				apply(a6);
			else if (a instanceof StatusCode a7)
				apply(a7);
			else if (a instanceof HasQuery a8)
				apply(a8);
			else if (a instanceof HasFormData a9)
				apply(a9);
			else if (a instanceof Schema a10)
				apply(a10);
			else if (cn(a.annotationType()).startsWith("jakarta.validation.constraints."))
				applyJakartaValidation(a);
			else
				throw rex("Builder.apply(@{0}) not defined", cn(a));
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Instantiates a new {@link HttpPartSchema} object based on the configuration of this builder.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * This method can be called multiple times to produce new schema objects.
		 *
		 * @return
		 * 	A new {@link HttpPartSchema} object.
		 * 	<br>Never <jk>null</jk>.
		 */
		public HttpPartSchema build() {
			return new HttpPartSchema(this);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cf(HttpPartCollectionFormat value) {
			return collectionFormat(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #collectionFormat(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cf(String value) {
			return collectionFormat(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.CSV)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfCsv() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.CSV);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.MULTI)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfMulti() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.MULTI);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfNone() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.PIPES)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfPipes() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.PIPES);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.SSV)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfSsv() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.SSV);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.TSV)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfTsv() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.TSV);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.UONC)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder cfUon() {
			return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.UONC);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>httpStatusCode</mk> key.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#responsesObject">Responses</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <c>0</c>.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder code(int value) {
			if (value != 0) {
				if (codes == null)
					codes = new TreeSet<>();
				codes.add(value);
			}
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>httpStatusCode</mk> key.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#responsesObject">Responses</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if <jk>null</jk> or an empty array.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder codes(int[] value) {
			if (nn(value) && value.length != 0)
				for (var v : value)
					code(v);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>collectionFormat</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Determines the format of the array if <c>type</c> <js>"array"</js> is used.
		 * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Note that for collections/arrays parameters with POJO element types, the input is broken into a string array before being converted into POJO elements.
		 *
		 * <ul class='values javatree'>
		 * 	<ul class='jc'>{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat}
		 * 	<ul>
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#CSV CSV} (default) - Comma-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo,bar"</js>).
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#SSV SSV} - Space-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo bar"</js>).
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#TSV TSV} - Tab-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo\tbar"</js>).
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#PIPES PIPES} - Pipe-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo|bar"</js>).
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#MULTI MULTI} - Corresponds to multiple parameter instances instead of multiple values for a single instance (e.g. <js>"foo=bar&amp;foo=baz"</js>).
		 * 		<li>
		 * 			{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#UONC UONC} - UON collection notation (e.g. <js>"@(foo,bar)"</js>).
		 * 	</ul>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat value) {
			collectionFormat = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>collectionFormat</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Determines the format of the array if <c>type</c> <js>"array"</js> is used.
		 * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Note that for collections/arrays parameters with POJO element types, the input is broken into a string array before being converted into POJO elements.
		 *
		 * <ul class='values'>
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"csv"</js> (default) - Comma-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo,bar"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"ssv"</js> - Space-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo bar"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"tsv"</js> - Tab-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo\tbar"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"pipes</js> - Pipe-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo|bar"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"multi"</js> - Corresponds to multiple parameter instances instead of multiple values for a single instance (e.g. <js>"foo=bar&amp;foo=baz"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * 		<js>"uon"</js> - UON notation (e.g. <js>"@(foo,bar)"</js>).
		 * 	<li>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder collectionFormat(String value) {
			try {
				if (ne(value))
					this.collectionFormat = HttpPartCollectionFormat.fromString(value);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new ContextRuntimeException(e, "Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as collectionFormat value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartCollectionFormat.values());
			}
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>deprecated</mk> field (JSON Schema Draft 2020-12).
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Indicates that applications should refrain from usage of this property.
		 * This is used for documentation purposes only and does not affect validation.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder deprecated(Boolean value) {
			deprecated = resolve(value, deprecated);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #default_(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder df(String value) {
			return default_(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #enum_(Set)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder e(Set<String> value) {
			return enum_(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #enum_(String...)}.
		 *
		 * @param values
		 * 	The new values for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder e(String...values) {
			return enum_(values);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum()}.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emax() {
			return exclusiveMaximum();
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emax(Boolean value) {
			return exclusiveMaximum(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emax(String value) {
			return exclusiveMaximum(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum()}.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emin() {
			return exclusiveMinimum();
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emin(Boolean value) {
			return exclusiveMinimum(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder emin(String value) {
			return exclusiveMinimum(value);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>examples</mk> field (JSON Schema Draft 2020-12).
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * An array of example values.
		 * This is used for documentation purposes only and does not affect validation.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder examples(String...value) {
			examples = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Shortcut for calling <code>exclusiveMaximum(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMaximum() {
			return exclusiveMaximum(true);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Defines whether the maximum is matched exclusively.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
		 * <br>If <jk>true</jk>, must be accompanied with <c>maximum</c>.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMaximum(Boolean value) {
			exclusiveMaximum = resolve(value, exclusiveMaximum);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Same as {@link #exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMaximum(String value) {
			exclusiveMaximum = resolve(value, exclusiveMaximum);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field with numeric value (JSON Schema Draft 2020-12).
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Defines the exclusive maximum value for numeric types.
		 * The instance is valid if it is strictly less than (not equal to) this value.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * This is the Draft 2020-12 version that uses a numeric value instead of a boolean flag.
		 * If this is set, it takes precedence over the boolean {@link #exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)} property.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMaximumValue(Number value) {
			exclusiveMaximumValue = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Shortcut for calling <code>exclusiveMinimum(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMinimum() {
			return exclusiveMinimum(true);
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Defines whether the minimum is matched exclusively.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
		 * <br>If <jk>true</jk>, must be accompanied with <c>minimum</c>.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
		 * <ul>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
		 * </ul>
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMinimum(Boolean value) {
			exclusiveMinimum = resolve(value, exclusiveMinimum);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Same as {@link #exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMinimum(String value) {
			exclusiveMinimum = resolve(value, exclusiveMinimum);
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field with numeric value (JSON Schema Draft 2020-12).
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Defines the exclusive minimum value for numeric types.
		 * The instance is valid if it is strictly greater than (not equal to) this value.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * This is the Draft 2020-12 version that uses a numeric value instead of a boolean flag.
		 * If this is set, it takes precedence over the boolean {@link #exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)} property.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder exclusiveMinimumValue(Number value) {
			exclusiveMinimumValue = value;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #format(HttpPartFormat)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder f(HttpPartFormat value) {
			return format(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Synonym for {@link #format(String)}.
		 *
		 * @param value
		 * 	The new value for this property.
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder f(String value) {
			return format(value);
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BINARY)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fBinary() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.BINARY;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fBinarySpaced() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BYTE)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fByte() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.BYTE;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DATE)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fDate() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.DATE;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fDateTime() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fDouble() {
			format = HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE;
			return this;
		}

		/**
		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.FLOAT)</c>.
		 *
		 * @return This object.
		 */
		public Builder fFloat() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.FLOAT;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.INT32)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder fInt32() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.INT32;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.INT64)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder fInt64() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.INT64;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder fNone() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>format</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * The extending format for the previously mentioned <a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterType">parameter type</a>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <ul class='values javatree'>
 		 * 	<ul class='jc'>{@link HttpPartFormat}
 		 * 	<ul>
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#INT32 INT32} - Signed 32 bits.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#INT64 INT64} - Signed 64 bits.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#FLOAT FLOAT} - 32-bit floating point number.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#DOUBLE DOUBLE} - 64-bit floating point number.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#BYTE BYTE} - BASE-64 encoded characters.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 			<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#BINARY BINARY} - Hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00FF"</js>).
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 			<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#BINARY_SPACED BINARY_SPACED} - Hexadecimal encoded octets, spaced (e.g. <js>"00 FF"</js>).
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 			<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#DATE DATE} - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 full-date</a>.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#DATE_TIME DATE_TIME} - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 date-time</a>.
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#PASSWORD PASSWORD} - Used to hint UIs the input needs to be obscured.
 		 * 			<br>This format does not affect the serialization or parsing of the parameter.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartFormat#UON UON} - UON notation (e.g. <js>"(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,123))"</js>).
 		 * 			<br>Only valid with type <js>"object"</js>.
 		 * 			<br>If not specified, then the input is interpreted as plain-text and is converted to a POJO directly.
 		 * 	</ul>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 		 * 	<li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Swagger Schema Object</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder format(HttpPartFormat value) {
 			format = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>format</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * The extending format for the previously mentioned <a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterType">parameter type</a>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <ul class='values'>
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"int32"</js> - Signed 32 bits.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"int64"</js> - Signed 64 bits.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"float"</js> - 32-bit floating point number.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"double"</js> - 64-bit floating point number.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"byte"</js> - BASE-64 encoded characters.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 		<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"binary"</js> - Hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00FF"</js>).
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 		<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"binary-spaced"</js> - Hexadecimal encoded octets, spaced (e.g. <js>"00 FF"</js>).
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 		<br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"date"</js> - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 full-date</a>.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"date-time"</js> - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 date-time</a>.
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"password"</js> - Used to hint UIs the input needs to be obscured.
 		 * 		<br>This format does not affect the serialization or parsing of the parameter.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"uon"</js> - UON notation (e.g. <js>"(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,123))"</js>).
 		 * 		<br>Only valid with type <js>"object"</js>.
 		 * 		<br>If not specified, then the input is interpreted as plain-text and is converted to a POJO directly.
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 		 * 	<li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Swagger Schema Object</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or an empty string.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder format(String value) {
 			try {
 				if (ne(value))
 					format = HttpPartFormat.fromString(value);
 			} catch (Exception e) {
 				throw new ContextRuntimeException(e, "Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as format value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartFormat.values());
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder fPassword() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.UON)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder fUon() {
 			format = HttpPartFormat.UON;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #items(HttpPartSchema.Builder)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder i(Builder value) {
 			return items(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #items(HttpPartSchema)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder i(HttpPartSchema value) {
 			return items(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>items</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Describes the type of items in the array.
 		 * <p>
 		 * Required if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
 		 * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder items(Builder value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				items = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>items</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Describes the type of items in the array.
 		 * <p>
 		 * Required if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
 		 * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder items(HttpPartSchema value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				items = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maximum(Number)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder max(Number value) {
 			return maximum(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxItems(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxi(Long value) {
 			return maxItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxItems(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxi(String value) {
 			return maxItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>maximum</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Defines the maximum value for a parameter of numeric types.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maximum(Number value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				maximum = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>maxItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * An array or collection is valid if its size is less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxItems(Long value) {
 			maxItems = resolve(value, maxItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>maxItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #maxItems(Long)} but takes in a string number.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxItems(String value) {
 			maxItems = resolve(value, maxItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxLength(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxl(Long value) {
 			return maxLength(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxLength(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxl(String value) {
 			return maxLength(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>maxLength</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * A string instance is valid against this keyword if its length is less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
 		 * <br>The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its characters as defined by <a href='https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627'>RFC 4627</a>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxLength(Long value) {
 			maxLength = resolve(value, maxLength);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>maxLength</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #maxLength(Long)} but takes in a string number.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxLength(String value) {
 			maxLength = resolve(value, maxLength);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxProperties(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxp(Long value) {
 			return maxProperties(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #maxProperties(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxp(String value) {
 			return maxProperties(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>mapProperties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxProperties(Long value) {
 			maxProperties = resolve(value, maxProperties);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>mapProperties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #maxProperties(Long)} but takes in a string number.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder maxProperties(String value) {
 			maxProperties = resolve(value, maxProperties);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minimum(Number)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder min(Number value) {
 			return minimum(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minItems(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder mini(Long value) {
 			return minItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minItems(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder mini(String value) {
 			return minItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minimum</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Defines the minimum value for a parameter of numeric types.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minimum(Number value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				minimum = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * An array or collection is valid if its size is greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minItems(Long value) {
 			minItems = resolve(value, minItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #minItems(Long)} but takes in a string number.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minItems(String value) {
 			minItems = resolve(value, minItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minLength(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minl(Long value) {
 			return minLength(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minLength(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minl(String value) {
 			return minLength(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minLength</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * A string instance is valid against this keyword if its length is greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
 		 * <br>The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its characters as defined by <a href='https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627'>RFC 4627</a>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minLength(Long value) {
 			minLength = resolve(value, minLength);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minLength</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #minLength(Long)} but takes in a string number.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minLength(String value) {
 			minLength = resolve(value, minLength);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minProperties(Long)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minp(Long value) {
 			return minProperties(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #minProperties(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minp(String value) {
 			return minProperties(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minProperties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minProperties(Long value) {
 			minProperties = resolve(value, minProperties);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>minProperties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #minProperties(Long)} but takes in a string boolean.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder minProperties(String value) {
 			minProperties = resolve(value, minProperties);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #multipleOf(Number)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder mo(Number value) {
 			return multipleOf(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>multipleOf</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * A numeric instance is valid if the result of the division of the instance by this keyword's value is an integer.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder multipleOf(Number value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				multipleOf = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #name(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder n(String value) {
 			return name(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>name</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder name(String value) {
 			if (ne(value))
 				name = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Disables Swagger schema usage validation checking.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Shortcut for calling <code>noValidate(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder noValidate() {
 			return noValidate(true);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Disables Swagger schema usage validation checking.
 		 *
 		 * @param value Specify <jk>true</jk> to prevent {@link ContextRuntimeException} from being thrown if invalid Swagger usage was detected.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder noValidate(Boolean value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				noValidate = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #pattern(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder p(String value) {
 			return pattern(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>property(key, value)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param key
 		 *	The property name.
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder p(String key, Builder value) {
 			return property(key, value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>property(key, value)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param key
 		 *	The property name.
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder p(String key, HttpPartSchema value) {
 			return property(key, value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Identifies the part parser to use for parsing this part.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or {@link HttpPartParser.Void}.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder parser(Class<? extends HttpPartParser> value) {
 			if (isNotVoid(value))
 				parser = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>pattern</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * A string input is valid if it matches the specified regular expression pattern.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder pattern(String value) {
 			try {
 				if (ne(value))
 					this.pattern = Pattern.compile(value);
 			} catch (Exception e) {
 				throw new ContextRuntimeException(e, "Invalid value {0} passed in as pattern value.  Must be a valid regular expression.", value);
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>properties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param key
 		 *	The property name.
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder property(String key, Builder value) {
 			if (nn(key) && nn(value)) {
 				if (properties == null)
 					properties = map();
 				properties.put(key, value);
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>properties</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param key
 		 *	The property name.
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder property(String key, HttpPartSchema value) {
 			if (nn(key) && nn(value)) {
 				if (properties == null)
 					properties = map();
 				properties.put(key, value);
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #required()}.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder r() {
 			return required();
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #required(Boolean)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder r(Boolean value) {
 			return required(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #required(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder r(String value) {
 			return required(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>required</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Shortcut for calling <code>required(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder required() {
 			return required(true);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>required</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Determines whether the parameter is mandatory.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder required(Boolean value) {
 			required = resolve(value, required);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>required</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Determines whether the parameter is mandatory.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #required(Boolean)} but takes in a boolean value as a string.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder required(String value) {
 			required = resolve(value, required);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Identifies the part serializer to use for serializing this part.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or {@link HttpPartSerializer.Void}.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder serializer(Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> value) {
 			if (isNotVoid(value))
 				serializer = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty()}.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder sie() {
 			return skipIfEmpty();
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty(Boolean)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder sie(Boolean value) {
 			return skipIfEmpty(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder sie(String value) {
 			return skipIfEmpty(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Identifies whether an item should be skipped if it's empty.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Shortcut for calling <code>skipIfEmpty(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder skipIfEmpty() {
 			return skipIfEmpty(true);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>skipIfEmpty</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Identifies whether an item should be skipped during serialization if it's empty.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder skipIfEmpty(Boolean value) {
 			skipIfEmpty = resolve(value, skipIfEmpty);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>skipIfEmpty</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #skipIfEmpty(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder skipIfEmpty(String value) {
 			skipIfEmpty = resolve(value, skipIfEmpty);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #type(HttpPartDataType)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder t(HttpPartDataType value) {
 			return type(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #type(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder t(String value) {
 			return type(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.ARRAY)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tArray() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.ARRAY;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tBoolean() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.FILE)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tFile() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.FILE;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.INTEGER)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tInteger() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.INTEGER;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tNone() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.NUMBER)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tNumber() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.NUMBER;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.OBJECT)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tObject() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.OBJECT;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.STRING)</c>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder tString() {
 			type = HttpPartDataType.STRING;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>type</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * The type of the parameter.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * If the type is not specified, it will be auto-detected based on the parameter class type.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#securitySchemeObject">SecurityScheme</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <ul class='values javatree'>
 		 * 	<li class='jc'>{@link HttpPartDataType}
 		 * 	<ul>
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#STRING STRING}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be a string or a POJO convertible from a string.
 		 * 			<li>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#NUMBER NUMBER}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be a number primitive or number object.
 		 * 			<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Float</c> or <c>Double</c> depending on the size of the number.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#INTEGER INTEGER}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be a integer/long primitive or integer/long object.
 		 * 			<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Short</c>, <c>Integer</c>, or <c>Long</c> depending on the size of the number.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#BOOLEAN BOOLEAN}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be a boolean primitive or object.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#ARRAY ARRAY}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be an array or collection.
 		 * 			<br>Elements must be strings or POJOs convertible from strings.
 		 * 			<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonList}.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#OBJECT OBJECT}
 		 * 			<br>Parameter must be a map or bean.
 		 * 			<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonMap}.
 		 * 			<br>Note that this is an extension of the OpenAPI schema as Juneau allows for arbitrarily-complex POJOs to be serialized as HTTP parts.
 		 * 		<li class='jf'>
 		 * 			{@link HttpPartDataType#FILE FILE}
 		 * 			<br>This type is currently not supported.
 		 * 	</ul>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 		 * 	<li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification#dataTypes">Swagger Data Types</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder type(HttpPartDataType value) {
 			type = value;
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>type</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * The type of the parameter.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * If the type is not specified, it will be auto-detected based on the parameter class type.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#securitySchemeObject">SecurityScheme</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <ul class='values'>
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"string"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be a string or a POJO convertible from a string.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"number"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be a number primitive or number object.
 		 * 		<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Float</c> or <c>Double</c> depending on the size of the number.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"integer"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be a integer/long primitive or integer/long object.
 		 * 		<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Short</c>, <c>Integer</c>, or <c>Long</c> depending on the size of the number.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"boolean"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be a boolean primitive or object.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"array"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be an array or collection.
 		 * 		<br>Elements must be strings or POJOs convertible from strings.
 		 * 		<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonList}.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"object"</js>
 		 * 		<br>Parameter must be a map or bean.
 		 * 		<br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonMap}.
 		 * 		<br>Note that this is an extension of the OpenAPI schema as Juneau allows for arbitrarily-complex POJOs to be serialized as HTTP parts.
 		 * 	<li>
 		 * 		<js>"file"</js>
 		 * 		<br>This type is currently not supported.
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 		 * 	<li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification#dataTypes">Swagger Data Types</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder type(String value) {
 			try {
 				if (ne(value))
 					type = HttpPartDataType.fromString(value);
 			} catch (Exception e) {
 				throw new ContextRuntimeException(e, "Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as type value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartDataType.values());
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems()}.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder ui() {
 			return uniqueItems();
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems(Boolean)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder ui(Boolean value) {
 			return uniqueItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems(String)}.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder ui(String value) {
 			return uniqueItems(value);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Shortcut for calling <code>uniqueItems(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
 		 *
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder uniqueItems() {
 			return uniqueItems(true);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * If <jk>true</jk>, the input validates successfully if all of its elements are unique.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * <br>If the parameter type is a subclass of {@link Set}, this validation is skipped (since a set can only contain unique items anyway).
 		 * <br>Otherwise, the collection or array is checked for duplicate items.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
 		 * 	<li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder uniqueItems(Boolean value) {
 			uniqueItems = resolve(value, uniqueItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Same as {@link #uniqueItems(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean.
 		 *
 		 * @param value
 		 * 	The new value for this property.
 		 * 	<br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty..
 		 * @return This object.
 		 */
 		public Builder uniqueItems(String value) {
 			uniqueItems = resolve(value, uniqueItems);
 			return this;
 		}

 		private Builder additionalProperties(JsonMap value) {
 			if (nn(value) && ! value.isEmpty())
 				additionalProperties = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
 			return this;
 		}

 		private static Long firstNmo(Long...l) {
 			for (var ll : l)
 				if (nn(ll) && ll != -1)
 					return ll;
 			return null;
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Helper method to safely get annotation attribute values via reflection.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * This allows reading Jakarta Validation annotations without requiring them on the classpath.
 		 *
 		 * @param <T> The expected return type.
 		 * @param a The annotation to read from.
 		 * @param attributeName The attribute name to read.
 		 * @param type The expected type of the attribute value.
 		 * @return The attribute value, or <jk>null</jk> if not found or not of the expected type.
 		 */
 		private static <T> T getAnnotationValue(Annotation a, String attributeName, Class<T> type) {
 			try {
 				Method m = a.annotationType().getDeclaredMethod(attributeName);
 				Object value = m.invoke(a);
 				return type.isInstance(value) ? type.cast(value) : null;
 			} catch (@SuppressWarnings("unused") Exception e) {
 				return null;
 			}
 		}

 		private static String joinnlOrNull(String[]...s) {
 			for (var ss : s)
 				if (ss.length > 0)
 					return StringUtils.joinnl(ss);
 			return null;
 		}

 		private Builder properties(JsonMap value) {
 			if (nn(value))
 				value.forEach((k, v) -> property(k, HttpPartSchema.create().apply((JsonMap)v)));
 			return this;
 		}

 		private static Boolean resolve(Boolean newValue, Boolean oldValue) {
 			return newValue == null ? oldValue : newValue;
 		}

 		private static Long resolve(Long newValue, Long oldValue) {
 			return (newValue == null || newValue == -1) ? oldValue : newValue;
 		}

 		private static Boolean resolve(String newValue, Boolean oldValue) {
 			return isEmpty(newValue) ? oldValue : bool(newValue);
 		}

 		private static Long resolve(String newValue, Long oldValue) {
 			return isEmpty(newValue) ? oldValue : Long.parseLong(newValue);
 		}

 		private static Number toNumber(String...s) {
 			return HttpPartSchema.toNumber(s);
 		}

 		private static Set<String> toSet(String[]...s) {
 			return HttpPartSchema.toSet(s);
 		}

 		Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
 			if (t instanceof Class<?> c2) {
 				rstream(AP.find(c, info(c2))).forEach(x -> apply(x.inner()));
 			} else if (Value.isType(t)) {
 				apply(c, Value.getParameterType(t));
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
 			apply(c, m.getGenericReturnType());
 			Annotation a = m.getAnnotation(c);
 			if (nn(a))
 				return apply(a);
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParameterInfo mpi) {
 			apply(c, mpi.getParameterType().innerType());
 			mpi.getAnnotations(c).forEach(x -> apply(x.inner()));
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Content a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			default_(a.def());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(FormData a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			default_(a.def());
 			parser(a.parser());
 			serializer(a.serializer());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(HasFormData a) {
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(HasQuery a) {
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Header a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			default_(a.def());
 			parser(a.parser());
 			serializer(a.serializer());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Items a) {
 			default_(joinnlOrNull(a.default_(), a.df()));
 			enum_(toSet(a.enum_(), a.e()));
 			collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));
 			exclusiveMaximum(a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax());
 			exclusiveMinimum(a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin());
 			format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
 			items(a.items());
 			maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
 			maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
 			maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
 			minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
 			minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
 			minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
 			multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
 			pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
 			type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
 			uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());
 			return this;
 		}

 		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		// JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 property setters
 		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 		Builder apply(JsonMap m) {
 			if (nn(m) && ! m.isEmpty()) {
 				default_(m.getString("default"));
 				enum_(HttpPartSchema.toSet(m.getString("enum")));
 				allowEmptyValue(m.getBoolean("allowEmptyValue"));
 				exclusiveMaximum(m.getBoolean("exclusiveMaximum"));
 				exclusiveMinimum(m.getBoolean("exclusiveMinimum"));
 				required(m.getBoolean("required"));
 				uniqueItems(m.getBoolean("uniqueItems"));
 				collectionFormat(m.getString("collectionFormat"));
 				type(m.getString("type"));
 				format(m.getString("format"));
 				pattern(m.getString("pattern"));
 				maximum(m.get("maximum", Number.class));
 				minimum(m.get("minimum", Number.class));
 				multipleOf(m.get("multipleOf", Number.class));
 				maxItems(m.get("maxItems", Long.class));
 				maxLength(m.get("maxLength", Long.class));
 				maxProperties(m.get("maxProperties", Long.class));
 				minItems(m.get("minItems", Long.class));
 				minLength(m.get("minLength", Long.class));
 				minProperties(m.get("minProperties", Long.class));

 				items(m.getMap("items"));
 				properties(m.getMap("properties"));
 				additionalProperties(m.getMap("additionalProperties"));

 				apply(m.getMap("schema", null));
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Path a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			String def = a.def();
 			if (neq(NONE, def))
 				default_ = def;  // Set directly to allow empty strings as valid defaults
 			parser(a.parser());
 			serializer(a.serializer());

 			// Path remainder always allows empty value.
 			if (startsWith(name, '/')) {
 				allowEmptyValue();
 				required(false);
 			} else if (required == null) {
 				// Path parameters with default values are not required
 				required(eq(NONE, def));
 			}

 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(PathRemainder a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			// PathRemainder is always "/*"
 			name("/*");
 			default_(a.def());
 			parser(a.parser());
 			serializer(a.serializer());

 			// Path remainder always allows empty value.
 			allowEmptyValue();
 			required(false);

 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Query a) {
 			if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
 				apply(a.schema());
 			name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
 			default_(a.def());
 			parser(a.parser());
 			serializer(a.serializer());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(Response a) {
 			allowEmptyValue(true);
 			apply(a.schema());
 			parser(a.parser());
 			required(false);
 			serializer(a.serializer());
 			return this;
 		}

 		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 		// Other
 		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 		@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 		Builder apply(Schema a) {
 			default_(joinnlOrNull(a.default_(), a.df()));
 			enum_(toSet(a.enum_(), a.e()));
 			additionalProperties(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.additionalProperties()));
 			allowEmptyValue(a.allowEmptyValue() || a.aev());
 			collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));

 			// Handle exclusiveMaximum with fallback from Draft 2020-12 to Draft 04
 			String exMaxVal = a.exclusiveMaximumValue();
 			if (ne(exMaxVal)) {
 				exclusiveMaximumValue(toNumber(exMaxVal));
 			} else if (a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax()) {
 				exclusiveMaximum(true);
 			}

 			// Handle exclusiveMinimum with fallback from Draft 2020-12 to Draft 04
 			String exMinVal = a.exclusiveMinimumValue();
 			if (ne(exMinVal)) {
 				exclusiveMinimumValue(toNumber(exMinVal));
 			} else if (a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin()) {
 				exclusiveMinimum(true);
 			}

 			format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
 			items(a.items());
 			maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
 			maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
 			maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
 			maxProperties(firstNmo(a.maxProperties(), a.maxp()));
 			minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
 			minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
 			minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
 			minProperties(firstNmo(a.minProperties(), a.minp()));
 			multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
 			pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
 			properties(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.properties()));
 			required(a.required() || a.r());
 			skipIfEmpty(a.skipIfEmpty() || a.sie());
 			type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
 			uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());

 			// JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 properties
 			const_(joinnlOrNull(a.const_()));
 			examples(a.examples());
 			deprecated(a.deprecatedProperty());

 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(StatusCode a) {
 			codes(a.value());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder apply(SubItems a) {
 			default_(joinnlOrNull(a.default_(), a.df()));
 			enum_(toSet(a.enum_(), a.e()));
 			collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));
 			exclusiveMaximum(a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax());
 			exclusiveMinimum(a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin());
 			format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
 			items(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.items()));
 			maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
 			maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
 			maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
 			minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
 			minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
 			minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
 			multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
 			pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
 			type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
 			uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
 			return apply(Schema.class, t).apply(c, t);
 		}

 		Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
 			return apply(Schema.class, m).apply(c, m);
 		}

 		Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParameterInfo mpi) {
 			return apply(Schema.class, mpi).apply(c, mpi);
 		}

 		/**
 		 * Apply Jakarta Bean Validation constraints to this schema.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * This method uses pure reflection to read constraint annotations, so no jakarta.validation-api
 		 * dependency is required. The constraints are mapped to OpenAPI schema properties where applicable.
 		 *
 		 * <p>
 		 * Supported constraints:
 		 * <ul>
 		 * 	<li><c>@NotNull</c> → <c>required(true)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Size</c> → <c>minLength/maxLength</c> or <c>minItems/maxItems</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Min</c> → <c>minimum</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Max</c> → <c>maximum</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@DecimalMin</c> → <c>minimum + exclusiveMinimum</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@DecimalMax</c> → <c>maximum + exclusiveMaximum</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Pattern</c> → <c>pattern</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Email</c> → <c>format("email")</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Positive</c> → <c>minimum(0) + exclusiveMinimum(true)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@PositiveOrZero</c> → <c>minimum(0)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@Negative</c> → <c>maximum(0) + exclusiveMaximum(true)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@NegativeOrZero</c> → <c>maximum(0)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@NotEmpty</c> → <c>required(true) + minLength(1)/minItems(1)</c>
 		 * 	<li><c>@NotBlank</c> → <c>required(true) + minLength(1) + pattern</c>
 		 * </ul>
 		 *
 		 * @param a The Jakarta Validation constraint annotation.
 		 * @return This object.
 		 * @since 9.2.0
 		 */
 		Builder applyJakartaValidation(Annotation a) {
 			String simpleName = cns(a.annotationType());

 			try {
 				switch (simpleName) {
 					case "NotNull":
 						required(true);
 						break;
 					case "Size":
 						Integer min = getAnnotationValue(a, "min", Integer.class);
 						Integer max = getAnnotationValue(a, "max", Integer.class);
 						if (nn(min) && min > 0) {
 							minLength(min.longValue());
 							minItems(min.longValue());
 						}
 						if (nn(max) && max < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
 							maxLength(max.longValue());
 							maxItems(max.longValue());
 						}
 						break;
 					case "Min":
 						Long minValue = getAnnotationValue(a, "value", Long.class);
 						if (nn(minValue))
 							minimum(minValue);
 						break;
 					case "Max":
 						Long maxValue = getAnnotationValue(a, "value", Long.class);
 						if (nn(maxValue))
 							maximum(maxValue);
 						break;
 					case "Pattern":
 						String regexp = getAnnotationValue(a, "regexp", String.class);
 						if (nn(regexp))
 							pattern(regexp);
 						break;
 					case "Email":
 						format("email");
 						break;
 					case "Positive":
 						minimum(0);
 						exclusiveMinimum(true);
 						break;
 					case "PositiveOrZero":
 						minimum(0);
 						break;
 					case "Negative":
 						maximum(0);
 						exclusiveMaximum(true);
 						break;
 					case "NegativeOrZero":
 						maximum(0);
 						break;
 					case "NotEmpty":
 						required(true);
 						minLength(1L);
 						minItems(1L);
 						break;
 					case "NotBlank":
 						required(true);
 						minLength(1L);
 						pattern(".*\\S.*"); // Contains at least one non-whitespace character
 						break;
 					case "DecimalMin":
 						String minVal = getAnnotationValue(a, "value", String.class);
 						Boolean minInclusive = getAnnotationValue(a, "inclusive", Boolean.class);
 						if (nn(minVal)) {
 							minimum(toNumber(minVal));
 							if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(minInclusive))
 								exclusiveMinimum(true);
 						}
 						break;
 					case "DecimalMax":
 						String maxVal = getAnnotationValue(a, "value", String.class);
 						Boolean maxInclusive = getAnnotationValue(a, "inclusive", Boolean.class);
 						if (nn(maxVal)) {
 							maximum(toNumber(maxVal));
 							if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(maxInclusive))
 								exclusiveMaximum(true);
 						}
 						break;
 					default:
 						// Silently ignore other validation annotations we don't support yet
 				}
 			} catch (@SuppressWarnings("unused") Exception e) {
 				// If reflection fails, just skip this annotation - it's optional
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder items(Items value) {
 			if (! ItemsAnnotation.empty(value))
 				items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder items(JsonMap value) {
 			if (nn(value) && ! value.isEmpty())
 				items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
 			return this;
 		}

 		Builder items(SubItems value) {
 			if (! SubItemsAnnotation.empty(value))
 				items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
 			return this;
 		}
 	}

 	/** Reusable instance of this object, all default settings. */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema DEFAULT = HttpPartSchema.create().allowEmptyValue(true).build();

 	/** Boolean type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_BOOLEAN = HttpPartSchema.tBoolean().build();

 	/** File type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_FILE = HttpPartSchema.tFile().build();

 	/** Integer type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_INTEGER = HttpPartSchema.tInteger().build();

 	/** Int32 type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_INT32 = HttpPartSchema.tInt32().build();

 	/** Int64 type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_INT64 = HttpPartSchema.tInt64().build();

 	/** No type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_NONE = HttpPartSchema.tNone().build();

 	/** Number type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_NUMBER = HttpPartSchema.tNumber().build();

 	/** Float type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_FLOAT = HttpPartSchema.tFloat().build();

 	/** Double type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_DOUBLE = HttpPartSchema.tDouble().build();

 	/** String type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_STRING = HttpPartSchema.tString().build();

 	/** Byte type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_BYTE = HttpPartSchema.tByte().build();

 	/** Binary type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_BINARY = HttpPartSchema.tBinary().build();

 	/** Spaced binary type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_BINARY_SPACED = HttpPartSchema.tBinarySpaced().build();

 	/** Date type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_DATE = HttpPartSchema.tDate().build();

 	/** Date-time type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_DATETIME = HttpPartSchema.tDateTime().build();

 	/** UON-formated simple type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_UON = HttpPartSchema.tUon().build();

 	/** Array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY = HttpPartSchema.tArray().build();

 	/** Comma-delimited array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_CSV = HttpPartSchema.tArrayCsv().build();

 	/** Pipe-delimited array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_PIPES = HttpPartSchema.tArrayPipes().build();

 	/** Space-delimited array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_SSV = HttpPartSchema.tArraySsv().build();

 	/** Tab-delimited array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_TSV = HttpPartSchema.tArrayTsv().build();

 	/** UON-formatted array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_UON = HttpPartSchema.tArrayUon().build();

 	/** Multi-part array type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_MULTI = HttpPartSchema.tArrayMulti().build();

 	/** Object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT = HttpPartSchema.tObject().build();

 	/** Comma-delimited object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_CSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectCsv().build();

 	/** Pipe-delimited object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_PIPES = HttpPartSchema.tObjectPipes().build();

 	/** Space-delimited object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_SSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectSsv().build();

 	/** Tab-delimited object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_TSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectTsv().build();

 	/** UON-formated object type */
 	public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_UON = HttpPartSchema.tObjectUon().build();

 	/**
 	 * Instantiates a new builder for this object.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder create() {
 		return new Builder();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
 	 *
 	 * @param a
 	 * 	The annotation to find the schema information on..
 	 * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
 	 */
 	public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a) {
 		return create().apply(a).build();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
 	 *
 	 * @param a
 	 * 	The annotation to find the schema information on..
 	 * @param defaultName The default part name if not specified on the annotation.
 	 * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
 	 */
 	public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a, String defaultName) {
 		return create().name(defaultName).apply(a).build();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Finds the schema information for the specified class.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations on the class and all parent classes/interfaces.
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * 	The annotation to look for.
 	 * 	<br>Valid values:
 	 * 	<ul>
 	 * 		<li>{@link Content}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Header}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Query}
 	 * 		<li>{@link FormData}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Path}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Response}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasQuery}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasFormData}
 	 * 	</ul>
 	 * @param t
 	 * 	The class containing the parameter.
 	 * @return The schema information about the parameter.
 	 */
 	public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
 		return create().applyAll(c, t).build();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Finds the schema information for the specified method return.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
 	 * <ul>
 	 * 	<li>The method.
 	 * 	<li>The method return class.
 	 * 	<li>The method return parent classes and interfaces.
 	 * </ul>
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * 	The annotation to look for.
 	 * 	<br>Valid values:
 	 * 	<ul>
 	 * 		<li>{@link Content}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Header}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Query}
 	 * 		<li>{@link FormData}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Path}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Response}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasQuery}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasFormData}
 	 * 	</ul>
 	 * @param m
 	 * 	The Java method with the return type being checked.
 	 * @return The schema information about the parameter.
 	 */
 	public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
 		return create().applyAll(c, m).build();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Finds the schema information for the specified method parameter.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
 	 * <ul>
 	 * 	<li>The method parameter.
 	 * 	<li>The method parameter class.
 	 * 	<li>The method parameter parent classes and interfaces.
 	 * </ul>
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * 	The annotation to look for.
 	 * 	<br>Valid values:
 	 * 	<ul>
 	 * 		<li>{@link Content}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Header}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Query}
 	 * 		<li>{@link FormData}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Path}
 	 * 		<li>{@link Response}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasQuery}
 	 * 		<li>{@link HasFormData}
 	 * 	</ul>
 	 * @param mpi The Java method parameter.
 	 * @return The schema information about the parameter.
 	 */
 	public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParameterInfo mpi) {
 		return create().applyAll(c, mpi).build();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for calling <c>create().type(type);</c>
 	 *
 	 * @param type The schema type value.
 	 * @return A new builder.
 	 */
 	public static Builder create(String type) {
 		return create().type(type);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for calling <c>create().type(type).format(format);</c>
 	 *
 	 * @param type The schema type value.
 	 * @param format The schema format value.
 	 * @return A new builder.
 	 */
 	public static Builder create(String type, String format) {
 		return create().type(type).format(format);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArray() {
 		return create().tArray();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArray(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayCsv() {
 		return create().tArray().cfCsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayCsv(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfCsv().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>MULTI</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayMulti() {
 		return create().tArray().cfMulti();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>MULTI</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayMulti(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfMulti().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayPipes() {
 		return create().tArray().cfPipes();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayPipes(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfPipes().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArraySsv() {
 		return create().tArray().cfSsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArraySsv(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfSsv().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayTsv() {
 		return create().tArray().cfTsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayTsv(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfTsv().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UONC</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayUon() {
 		return create().tArray().cfUon();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UONC</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @param items The schema of the array items.
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tArrayUon(Builder items) {
 		return create().tArray().cfUon().items(items);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BINARY</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tBinary() {
 		return create().tString().fBinary();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BINARY_SPACED</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tBinarySpaced() {
 		return create().tString().fBinarySpaced();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>BOOLEAN</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tBoolean() {
 		return create().tBoolean();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BYTE</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tByte() {
 		return create().tString().fByte();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DATE</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tDate() {
 		return create().tString().fDate();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DATE_TIME</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tDateTime() {
 		return create().tString().fDateTime();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DOUBLE</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tDouble() {
 		return create().tNumber().fDouble();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>FILE</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tFile() {
 		return create().tFile();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>FLOAT</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tFloat() {
 		return create().tNumber().fFloat();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>INT32</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tInt32() {
 		return create().tInteger().fInt32();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>INT64</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tInt64() {
 		return create().tInteger().fInt64();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tInteger() {
 		return create().tInteger();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NONE</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tNone() {
 		return create().tNone();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tNumber() {
 		return create().tNumber();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObject() {
 		return create().tObject();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObjectCsv() {
 		return create().tObject().cfCsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObjectPipes() {
 		return create().tObject().cfPipes();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObjectSsv() {
 		return create().tObject().cfSsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObjectTsv() {
 		return create().tObject().cfTsv();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UON</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tObjectUon() {
 		return create().tObject().cfUon();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tString() {
 		return create().tString();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>UON</jsf>)</c>.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new builder for this object.
 	 */
 	public static Builder tUon() {
 		return create().tString().fUon();
 	}

 	private static Map<String,HttpPartSchema> build(Map<String,Object> in, boolean noValidate) {
 		if (in == null)
 			return null;
 		Map<String,HttpPartSchema> m = map();
 		in.forEach((k, v) -> m.put(k, build(v, noValidate)));
 		return u(m);
 	}

 	private static HttpPartSchema build(Object in, boolean noValidate) {
 		if (in == null)
 			return null;
 		if (in instanceof HttpPartSchema in2)
 			return in2;
 		return ((Builder)in).noValidate(noValidate).build();
 	}

 	private static <T> Set<T> copy(Set<T> in) {
 		return in == null ? emptySet() : u(copyOf(in));
 	}

 	final static JsonMap toJsonMap(String[] ss) {
 		String s = StringUtils.joinnl(ss);
 		if (s.isEmpty())
 			return null;
 		if (! isProbablyJsonObject(s, true))
 			s = "{" + s + "}";
 		try {
 			return JsonMap.ofJson(s);
 		} catch (ParseException e) {
 			throw toRex(e);
 		}
 	}

 	final static Number toNumber(String...s) {
 		try {
 			for (var ss : s)
 				if (ne(ss))
 					return parseNumber(ss, Number.class);
 			return null;
 		} catch (ParseException e) {
 			throw toRex(e);
 		}
 	}

 	final static Set<String> toSet(String s) {
 		if (isEmpty(s))
 			return null;
 		Set<String> set = set();
 		try {
 			JsonList.ofJsonOrCdl(s).forEach(x -> set.add(x.toString()));
 		} catch (ParseException e) {
 			throw toRex(e);
 		}
 		return set;
 	}

 	final static Set<String> toSet(String[]...s) {
 		var isNotEmpty = false;
 		for (var ss : s)
 			isNotEmpty |= ss.length > 0;
 		if (! isNotEmpty)
 			return null;
 		Set<String> set = set();
 		for (var ss : s)
 			if (nn(ss))
 				for (var ss2 : ss)
 					StringUtils.split(ss2, x -> set.add(x));
 		return set.isEmpty() ? null : set;
 	}

 	final String name;
 	final String default_;
 	final Set<String> enum_;
 	final Map<String,HttpPartSchema> properties;
 	final boolean allowEmptyValue, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, required, uniqueItems, skipIfEmpty;
 	final HttpPartCollectionFormat collectionFormat;
 	final HttpPartDataType type;
 	final HttpPartFormat format;
 	final Pattern pattern;
 	final HttpPartSchema items, additionalProperties;
 	final Number maximum, minimum, multipleOf;
 	final Long maxLength, minLength, maxItems, minItems, maxProperties, minProperties;

 	final Class<? extends HttpPartParser> parser;

 	final Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> serializer;

 	final ClassMeta<?> parsedType;

 	// JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 fields
 	final String const_;

 	final String[] examples;

 	final boolean deprecated;

 	final Number exclusiveMaximumValue, exclusiveMinimumValue;

 	HttpPartSchema(Builder b) {
 		name = b.name;
 		default_ = b.default_;
 		enum_ = copy(b.enum_);
 		properties = build(b.properties, b.noValidate);
 		allowEmptyValue = resolve(b.allowEmptyValue);
 		exclusiveMaximum = resolve(b.exclusiveMaximum);
 		exclusiveMinimum = resolve(b.exclusiveMinimum);
 		required = resolve(b.required);
 		uniqueItems = resolve(b.uniqueItems);
 		skipIfEmpty = resolve(b.skipIfEmpty);
 		collectionFormat = b.collectionFormat;
 		type = b.type;
 		format = b.format;
 		pattern = b.pattern;
 		items = build(b.items, b.noValidate);
 		additionalProperties = build(b.additionalProperties, b.noValidate);
 		maximum = b.maximum;
 		minimum = b.minimum;
 		multipleOf = b.multipleOf;
 		maxItems = b.maxItems;
 		maxLength = b.maxLength;
 		maxProperties = b.maxProperties;
 		minItems = b.minItems;
 		minLength = b.minLength;
 		minProperties = b.minProperties;
 		parser = b.parser;
 		serializer = b.serializer;
 		// JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 fields
 		const_ = b.const_;
 		examples = b.examples;
 		deprecated = resolve(b.deprecated);
 		exclusiveMaximumValue = b.exclusiveMaximumValue;
 		exclusiveMinimumValue = b.exclusiveMinimumValue;

 		// Calculate parse type
 		Class<?> parsedType = Object.class;
 		if (type == ARRAY) {
 			if (nn(items))
 				parsedType = Array.newInstance(items.parsedType.inner(), 0).getClass();
 		} else if (type == BOOLEAN) {
 			parsedType = Boolean.class;
 		} else if (type == INTEGER) {
 			if (format == INT64)
 				parsedType = Long.class;
 			else
 				parsedType = Integer.class;
 		} else if (type == NUMBER) {
 			if (format == DOUBLE)
 				parsedType = Double.class;
 			else
 				parsedType = Float.class;
 		} else if (type == STRING) {
 			if (format == BYTE || format == BINARY || format == BINARY_SPACED)
 				parsedType = byte[].class;
 			else if (format == DATE || format == DATE_TIME)
 				parsedType = Calendar.class;
 			else
 				parsedType = String.class;
 		}
 		this.parsedType = BeanContext.DEFAULT.getClassMeta(parsedType);

 		if (b.noValidate)
 			return;

 		// Validation.
 		var errors = list();
 		var notAllowed = listb(String.class);
 		var invalidFormat = false;

 		// @formatter:off
 		switch (type) {
 			case STRING: {
 				notAllowed
 					.addIf(nn(properties), "properties")
 					.addIf(nn(additionalProperties), "additionalProperties")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
 					.addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
 					.addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
 					.addIf(nn(items), "items")
 					.addIf(nn(maximum), "maximum")
 					.addIf(nn(minimum), "minimum")
 					.addIf(nn(multipleOf), "multipleOf")
 					.addIf(nn(maxItems), "maxItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minItems), "minItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minProperties), "minProperties");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.BYTE, HttpPartFormat.BINARY, HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED, HttpPartFormat.DATE, HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME, HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT);
 				break;
 			}
 			case ARRAY: {
 				notAllowed.addIf(nn(properties), "properties")
 					.addIf(nn(additionalProperties), "additionalProperties")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
 					.addIf(nn(pattern), "pattern")
 					.addIf(nn(maximum), "maximum")
 					.addIf(nn(minimum), "minimum")
 					.addIf(nn(multipleOf), "multipleOf")
 					.addIf(nn(maxLength), "maxLength")
 					.addIf(nn(minLength), "minLength")
 					.addIf(nn(maxProperties), "maxProperties")
 					.addIf(nn(minProperties), "minProperties");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON);
 				break;
 			}
 			case BOOLEAN: {
 				notAllowed.addIf(! enum_.isEmpty(), "enum")
 					.addIf(nn(properties), "properties")
 					.addIf(nn(additionalProperties), "additionalProperties")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
 					.addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
 					.addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
 					.addIf(nn(pattern), "pattern")
 					.addIf(nn(items), "items")
 					.addIf(nn(maximum), "maximum")
 					.addIf(nn(minimum), "minimum")
 					.addIf(nn(multipleOf), "multipleOf")
 					.addIf(nn(maxItems), "maxItems")
 					.addIf(nn(maxLength), "maxLength")
 					.addIf(nn(maxProperties), "maxProperties")
 					.addIf(nn(minItems), "minItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minLength), "minLength")
 					.addIf(nn(minProperties), "minProperties");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON);
 				break;
 			}
 			case FILE: {
 				break;
 			}
 			case INTEGER: {
 				notAllowed.addIf(nn(properties), "properties")
 					.addIf(nn(additionalProperties), "additionalProperties")
 					.addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
 					.addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
 					.addIf(nn(pattern), "pattern")
 					.addIf(nn(items), "items")
 					.addIf(nn(maxItems), "maxItems")
 					.addIf(nn(maxLength), "maxLength")
 					.addIf(nn(maxProperties), "maxProperties")
 					.addIf(nn(minItems), "minItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minLength), "minLength")
 					.addIf(nn(minProperties), "minProperties");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.INT32, HttpPartFormat.INT64);
 				break;
 			}
 			case NUMBER: {
 				notAllowed.addIf(nn(properties), "properties")
 					.addIf(nn(additionalProperties), "additionalProperties")
 					.addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
 					.addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
 					.addIf(nn(pattern), "pattern")
 					.addIf(nn(items), "items")
 					.addIf(nn(maxItems), "maxItems")
 					.addIf(nn(maxLength), "maxLength")
 					.addIf(nn(maxProperties), "maxProperties")
 					.addIf(nn(minItems), "minItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minLength), "minLength")
 					.addIf(nn(minProperties), "minProperties");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.FLOAT, HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE);
 				break;
 			}
 			case OBJECT: {
 				notAllowed.addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
 					.addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
 					.addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
 					.addIf(nn(pattern), "pattern")
 					.addIf(nn(items), "items")
 					.addIf(nn(maximum), "maximum")
 					.addIf(nn(minimum), "minimum")
 					.addIf(nn(multipleOf), "multipleOf")
 					.addIf(nn(maxItems), "maxItems")
 					.addIf(nn(maxLength), "maxLength")
 					.addIf(nn(minItems), "minItems")
 					.addIf(nn(minLength), "minLength");
 				invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT);
 				break;
 			}
 			default:
 				break;
 		}
 		// @formatter:on

 		List<String> notAllowed2 = notAllowed.build();
 		if (! notAllowed2.isEmpty())
 			errors.add("Attributes not allow for type='" + type + "': " + StringUtils.join(notAllowed2, ","));
 		if (invalidFormat)
 			errors.add("Invalid format for type='" + type + "': '" + format + "'");
 		if (exclusiveMaximum && maximum == null)
 			errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMaximum with maximum.");
 		if (exclusiveMinimum && minimum == null)
 			errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMinimum with minimum.");
 		if (required && nn(default_))
 			errors.add("Cannot specify a default value on a required value.");
 		if (nn(minLength) && nn(maxLength) && maxLength < minLength)
 			errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than minLength.");
 		if (nn(minimum) && nn(maximum) && maximum.doubleValue() < minimum.doubleValue())
 			errors.add("maximum cannot be less than minimum.");
 		if (nn(minItems) && nn(maxItems) && maxItems < minItems)
 			errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than minItems.");
 		if (nn(minProperties) && nn(maxProperties) && maxProperties < minProperties)
 			errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than minProperties.");
 		if (nn(minLength) && minLength < 0)
 			errors.add("minLength cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (nn(maxLength) && maxLength < 0)
 			errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (nn(minItems) && minItems < 0)
 			errors.add("minItems cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (nn(maxItems) && maxItems < 0)
 			errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (nn(minProperties) && minProperties < 0)
 			errors.add("minProperties cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (nn(maxProperties) && maxProperties < 0)
 			errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than zero.");
 		if (type == ARRAY && nn(items) && items.getType() == OBJECT && (format != UON && format != HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT))
 			errors.add("Cannot define an array of objects unless array format is 'uon'.");

 		if (! errors.isEmpty())
 			throw new ContextRuntimeException("Schema specification errors: \n\t" + StringUtils.join(errors, "\n\t"), new Object[0]);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>collectionFormat</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>collectionFormat</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#collectionFormat(String)
 	 */
 	public HttpPartCollectionFormat getCollectionFormat() { return collectionFormat; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>default</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The default value for this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#default_(String)
 	 */
 	public String getDefault() { return default_; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>enum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>enum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#enum_(Set)
 	 */
 	public Set<String> getEnum() { return enum_; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>format</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
 	 * @return The <c>format</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 */
 	public HttpPartFormat getFormat() { return format; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>format</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @param cm
 	 * 	The class meta of the object.
 	 * 	<br>Used to auto-detect the format if the format was not specified.
 	 * @return The <c>format</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
 	 */
 	public HttpPartFormat getFormat(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
 		if (format != HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT)
 			return format;
 		if (cm.isNumber()) {
 			if (cm.isDecimal()) {
 				if (cm.isDouble())
 					return HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE;
 				return HttpPartFormat.FLOAT;
 			}
 			if (cm.isLong())
 				return HttpPartFormat.INT64;
 			return HttpPartFormat.INT32;
 		}
 		return format;
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>maximum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The schema for child items of the object represented by this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not defined.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#items(HttpPartSchema.Builder)
 	 */
 	public HttpPartSchema getItems() { return items; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>maximum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>maximum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maximum(Number)
 	 */
 	public Number getMaximum() { return maximum; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxItems(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMaxItems() { return maxItems; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxLength(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMaxLength() { return maxLength; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxProperties(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMaxProperties() { return maxProperties; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>minimum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>minimum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minimum(Number)
 	 */
 	public Number getMinimum() { return minimum; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minItems(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMinItems() { return minItems; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minLength(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMinLength() { return minLength; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minProperties(Long)
 	 */
 	public Long getMinProperties() { return minProperties; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#multipleOf(Number)
 	 */
 	public Number getMultipleOf() { return multipleOf; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the name of the object described by this schema, for example the query or form parameter name.
 	 *
 	 * @return The name, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#name(String)
 	 */
 	public String getName() { return name; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the default parsed type for this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The default parsed type for this schema.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
 	 */
 	public ClassMeta<?> getParsedType() { return parsedType; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>parser</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>parser</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#parser(Class)
 	 */
 	public Class<? extends HttpPartParser> getParser() { return parser; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#pattern(String)
 	 */
 	public Pattern getPattern() { return pattern; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the schema information for the specified property.
 	 *
 	 * @param name The property name.
 	 * @return The schema information for the specified property, or <jk>null</jk> if properties are not defined on this schema.
 	 */
 	public HttpPartSchema getProperty(String name) {
 		if (nn(properties)) {
 			HttpPartSchema schema = properties.get(name);
 			if (nn(schema))
 				return schema;
 		}
 		return additionalProperties;
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>serializer</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>serializer</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#serializer(Class)
 	 */
 	public Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> getSerializer() { return serializer; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>type</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>type</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#type(String)
 	 */
 	public HttpPartDataType getType() { return type; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>type</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @param cm
 	 * 	The class meta of the object.
 	 * 	<br>Used to auto-detect the type if the type was not specified.
 	 * @return The format field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
 	 */
 	public HttpPartDataType getType(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
 		if (type != HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE)
 			return type;
 		if (cm.isTemporal() || cm.isDateOrCalendar())
 			return HttpPartDataType.STRING;
 		if (cm.isNumber()) {
 			if (cm.isDecimal())
 				return HttpPartDataType.NUMBER;
 			return HttpPartDataType.INTEGER;
 		}
 		if (cm.isBoolean())
 			return HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN;
 		if (cm.isMapOrBean())
 			return HttpPartDataType.OBJECT;
 		if (cm.isCollectionOrArray())
 			return HttpPartDataType.ARRAY;
 		return HttpPartDataType.STRING;
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
 	 *
 	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
 	 */
 	public boolean hasProperties() {
 		return nn(properties) || nn(additionalProperties);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>allowEmptyValue</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isAllowEmptyValue() { return allowEmptyValue; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>exclusiveMaximum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>exclusiveMaximum</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isExclusiveMaximum() { return exclusiveMaximum; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>exclusiveMinimum</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>exclusiveMinimum</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isExclusiveMinimum() { return exclusiveMinimum; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>required</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>required</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#required(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isRequired() { return required; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isSkipIfEmpty() { return skipIfEmpty; }

 	/**
 	 * Returns the <c>uniqueItems</c> field of this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @return The <c>uniqueItems</c> field of this schema.
 	 * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#uniqueItems(Boolean)
 	 */
 	public boolean isUniqueItems() { return uniqueItems; }

 	protected FluentMap<String,Object> properties() {
 		// @formatter:off
 		Predicate<Object> ne = x -> ne(s(x));
 		Predicate<Object> nf = x -> x instanceof Boolean && (Boolean)x;
 		Predicate<Object> nm1 = x -> x instanceof Number && ((Number)x).intValue() != -1;
 		Predicate<Object> nn = Utils::nn;
 		return mapb_so().sorted().buildFluent()
 			.ai(ne, "name", name)
 			.ai(ne, "type", type)
 			.ai(ne, "format", format)
 			.ai(ne, "default", default_)
 			.ai(ne, "enum", enum_)
 			.ai(ne, "properties", properties)
 			.ai(nf, "allowEmptyValue", allowEmptyValue)
 			.ai(nf, "exclusiveMaximum", exclusiveMaximum)
 			.ai(nf, "exclusiveMinimum", exclusiveMinimum)
 			.ai(nf, "required", required)
 			.ai(nf, "uniqueItems", uniqueItems)
 			.ai(nf, "skipIfEmpty", skipIfEmpty)
 			.ai(x -> x != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat", collectionFormat)
 			.ai(ne, "pattern", pattern)
 			.ai(nn, "items", items)
 			.ai(nn, "additionalProperties", additionalProperties)
 			.ai(nm1, "maximum", maximum)
 			.ai(nm1, "minimum", minimum)
 			.ai(nm1, "multipleOf", multipleOf)
 			.ai(nm1, "maxLength", maxLength)
 			.ai(nm1, "minLength", minLength)
 			.ai(nm1, "maxItems", maxItems)
 			.ai(nm1, "minItems", minItems)
 			.ai(nm1, "maxProperties", maxProperties)
 			.ai(nm1, "minProperties", minProperties)
 			.a("parsedType", parsedType);
 		// @formatter:on
 	}

 	@Override /* Overridden from Object */
 	public String toString() {
 		return r(properties());
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @param in The input.
 	 * @return The same object passed in.
 	 * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
 	 */
 	public String validateInput(String in) throws SchemaValidationException {
 		if (! isValidRequired(in))
 			throw new SchemaValidationException("No value specified.");
 		if (nn(in)) {
 			if (! isValidAllowEmpty(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Empty value not allowed.");
 			if (! isValidConst(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match constant.  Must be: {0}", const_);
 			if (! isValidPattern(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected pattern.  Must match pattern: {0}", pattern.pattern());
 			if (! isValidEnum(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match one of the expected values.  Must be one of the following:  {0}", toCdl(enum_));
 			if (! isValidMaxLength(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum length of value exceeded.");
 			if (! isValidMinLength(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum length of value not met.");
 			if (! isValidFormat(in))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected format: {0}", format);
 		}
 		return in;
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
 	 *
 	 * @param <T> The return type.
 	 * @param o The parsed output.
 	 * @param bc The bean context used to detect POJO types.
 	 * @return The same object passed in.
 	 * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
 	 */
 	public <T> T validateOutput(T o, BeanContext bc) throws SchemaValidationException {
 		if (o == null) {
 			if (! isValidRequired(o))
 				throw new SchemaValidationException("Required value not provided.");
 			return o;
 		}
 		var cm = bc.getClassMetaForObject(o);
 		switch (getType(cm)) {
 			case ARRAY: {
 				if (cm.isArray()) {
 					if (! isValidMinItems(o))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaxItems(o))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
 					if (! isValidUniqueItems(o))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
 					HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
 					if (nn(items))
 						for (var i = 0; i < Array.getLength(o); i++)
 							items.validateOutput(Array.get(o, i), bc);
 				} else if (cm.isCollection()) {
 					Collection<?> c = (Collection<?>)o;
 					if (! isValidMinItems(c))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaxItems(c))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
 					if (! isValidUniqueItems(c))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
 					HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
 					if (nn(items))
 						c.forEach(x -> items.validateOutput(x, bc));
 				}
 				break;
 			}
 			case INTEGER: {
 				if (cm.isNumber()) {
 					Number n = (Number)o;
 					if (! isValidMinimum(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaximum(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
 					if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
 				}
 				break;
 			}
 			case NUMBER: {
 				if (cm.isNumber()) {
 					Number n = (Number)o;
 					if (! isValidMinimum(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaximum(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
 					if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
 				}
 				break;
 			}
 			case OBJECT: {
 				if (cm.isMapOrBean()) {
 					Map<?,?> m = cm.isMap() ? (Map<?,?>)o : bc.toBeanMap(o);
 					if (! isValidMinProperties(m))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of properties not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaxProperties(m))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of properties exceeded.");
 					m.forEach((k, v) -> {
 						var key = k.toString();
 						HttpPartSchema s2 = getProperty(key);
 						if (nn(s2))
 							s2.validateOutput(v, bc);
 					});
 				} else if (cm.isBean()) {

 				}
 				break;
 			}
 			case STRING: {
 				if (cm.isCharSequence()) {
 					var s = o.toString();
 					if (! isValidMinLength(s))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum length of value not met.");
 					if (! isValidMaxLength(s))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum length of value exceeded.");
 					if (! isValidPattern(s))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected pattern.  Must match pattern: {0}", pattern.pattern());
 					if (! isValidFormat(s))
 						throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected format: {0}", format);
 				}
 				break;
 			}
 			case BOOLEAN:
 			case FILE:
 			case NO_TYPE:
 				break;
 			default:
 				break;
 		}
 		return o;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidAllowEmpty(String x) {
 		return allowEmptyValue || ne(x);
 	}

 	private boolean isValidConst(String x) {
 		return const_ == null || const_.equals(x);
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidDate(String x) {
 		// RFC 3339 full-date: YYYY-MM-DD (relaxed to allow various date formats)
 		return x.matches("^\\d{4}[-/]\\d{1,2}[-/]\\d{1,2}.*");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidDateTime(String x) {
 		// RFC 3339 date-time (relaxed to allow various datetime formats)
 		return x.matches("^\\d{4}[-/]\\d{1,2}[-/]\\d{1,2}[T\\s]\\d{1,2}:\\d{1,2}.*");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidDateTimeZone(String x) {
 		// RFC 3339 date-time with time zone
 		return x.matches("^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?[+-]\\d{2}:\\d{2}$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidDuration(String x) {
 		// RFC 3339 Appendix A duration (ISO 8601)
 		return x.matches("^P(?:\\d+Y)?(?:\\d+M)?(?:\\d+D)?(?:T(?:\\d+H)?(?:\\d+M)?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?S)?)?$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidEmail(String x) {
 		// RFC 5321 simplified email validation
 		return x.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$");
 	}

 	private boolean isValidEnum(String x) {
 		return enum_.isEmpty() || enum_.contains(x);
 	}

 	private boolean isValidFormat(String x) {
 		if (format == null || format == HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT)
 			return true;

 		// Skip validation for literal "null" string
 		if ("null".equals(x))
 			return true;

 		try {
 			return switch (format) {
 				case EMAIL -> isValidEmail(x);
 				case IDN_EMAIL -> isValidIdnEmail(x);
 				case HOSTNAME -> isValidHostname(x);
 				case IDN_HOSTNAME -> isValidIdnHostname(x);
 				case IPV4 -> isValidIpv4(x);
 				case IPV6 -> isValidIpv6(x);
 				case URI -> isValidUri(x);
 				case URI_REFERENCE -> isValidUriReference(x);
 				case IRI -> isValidIri(x);
 				case IRI_REFERENCE -> isValidIriReference(x);
 				case UUID -> isValidUuid(x);
 				case URI_TEMPLATE -> isValidUriTemplate(x);
 				case JSON_POINTER -> isValidJsonPointer(x);
 				case RELATIVE_JSON_POINTER -> isValidRelativeJsonPointer(x);
 				case REGEX -> isValidRegex(x);
 				case DATE -> isValidDate(x);
 				case DATE_TIME -> isValidDateTime(x);
 				case DATE_TIME_ZONE -> isValidDateTimeZone(x);
 				case TIME -> isValidTime(x);
 				case DURATION -> isValidDuration(x);
 				case BYTE, BINARY, BINARY_SPACED -> true; // These are transformation formats, not validation formats
 				case PASSWORD -> true; // Password format is just a UI hint
 				case INT32, INT64, FLOAT, DOUBLE -> true; // Numeric formats are validated during parsing
 				case UON -> true; // UON format is validated during parsing
 				default -> true;
 			};
 		} catch (@SuppressWarnings("unused") Exception e) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidHostname(String x) {
 		// RFC 1123 hostname validation
 		return x.matches("^([a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\\.)*[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIdnEmail(String x) {
 		// RFC 6531 - allows international characters
 		return x.matches("^[^@\\s]+@[^@\\s]+\\.[^@\\s]+$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIdnHostname(String x) {
 		// RFC 5890 - allows international characters
 		return x.matches("^[^\\s]+$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIpv4(String x) {
 		// RFC 2673 IPv4 validation
 		var parts = x.split("\\.");
 		if (parts.length != 4)
 			return false;
 		for (var part : parts) {
 			try {
 				int val = Integer.parseInt(part);
 				if (val < 0 || val > 255)
 					return false;
 			} catch (@SuppressWarnings("unused") NumberFormatException e) {
 				return false;
 			}
 		}
 		return true;
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIpv6(String x) {
 		// RFC 4291 IPv6 validation (simplified)
 		return x.matches("^([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}$|^::([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}$|^([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}:$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIri(String x) {
 		// RFC 3987 IRI validation (allows international characters)
 		return x.matches("^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*:.+");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidIriReference(String x) {
 		// RFC 3987 IRI reference (allows international characters)
 		return x.length() > 0;
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidJsonPointer(String x) {
 		// RFC 6901 JSON Pointer validation
 		return x.isEmpty() || x.matches("^(/[^/]*)*$");
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMaximum(Number x) {
 		// Check Draft 2020-12 exclusiveMaximumValue first (takes precedence)
 		if (nn(exclusiveMaximumValue)) {
 			if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
 				return x.intValue() < exclusiveMaximumValue.intValue();
 			if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
 				return x.shortValue() < exclusiveMaximumValue.shortValue();
 			if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
 				return x.longValue() < exclusiveMaximumValue.longValue();
 			if (x instanceof Float)
 				return x.floatValue() < exclusiveMaximumValue.floatValue();
 			if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
 				return x.doubleValue() < exclusiveMaximumValue.doubleValue();
 		}
 		// Fall back to Draft 04 boolean exclusiveMaximum with maximum
 		if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
 			return maximum == null || x.intValue() < maximum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
 		if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
 			return maximum == null || x.shortValue() < maximum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
 		if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
 			return maximum == null || x.longValue() < maximum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
 		if (x instanceof Float)
 			return maximum == null || x.floatValue() < maximum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == maximum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
 		if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
 			return maximum == null || x.doubleValue() < maximum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == maximum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
 		return true;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMaxItems(Collection<?> x) {
 		return maxItems == null || x.size() <= maxItems;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMaxItems(Object x) {
 		return maxItems == null || Array.getLength(x) <= maxItems;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMaxLength(String x) {
 		return maxLength == null || x.length() <= maxLength;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMaxProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
 		return maxProperties == null || x.size() <= maxProperties;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMinimum(Number x) {
 		// Check Draft 2020-12 exclusiveMinimumValue first (takes precedence)
 		if (nn(exclusiveMinimumValue)) {
 			if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
 				return x.intValue() > exclusiveMinimumValue.intValue();
 			if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
 				return x.shortValue() > exclusiveMinimumValue.shortValue();
 			if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
 				return x.longValue() > exclusiveMinimumValue.longValue();
 			if (x instanceof Float)
 				return x.floatValue() > exclusiveMinimumValue.floatValue();
 			if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
 				return x.doubleValue() > exclusiveMinimumValue.doubleValue();
 		}
 		// Fall back to Draft 04 boolean exclusiveMinimum with minimum
 		if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
 			return minimum == null || x.intValue() > minimum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
 		if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
 			return minimum == null || x.shortValue() > minimum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
 		if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
 			return minimum == null || x.longValue() > minimum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
 		if (x instanceof Float)
 			return minimum == null || x.floatValue() > minimum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == minimum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
 		if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
 			return minimum == null || x.doubleValue() > minimum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == minimum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
 		return true;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMinItems(Collection<?> x) {
 		return minItems == null || x.size() >= minItems;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMinItems(Object x) {
 		return minItems == null || Array.getLength(x) >= minItems;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMinLength(String x) {
 		return minLength == null || x.length() >= minLength;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMinProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
 		return minProperties == null || x.size() >= minProperties;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidMultipleOf(Number x) {
 		if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
 			return multipleOf == null || x.intValue() % multipleOf.intValue() == 0;
 		if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
 			return multipleOf == null || x.shortValue() % multipleOf.shortValue() == 0;
 		if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
 			return multipleOf == null || x.longValue() % multipleOf.longValue() == 0;
 		if (x instanceof Float)
 			return multipleOf == null || x.floatValue() % multipleOf.floatValue() == 0;
 		if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
 			return multipleOf == null || x.doubleValue() % multipleOf.doubleValue() == 0;
 		return true;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidPattern(String x) {
 		return pattern == null || pattern.matcher(x).matches();
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidRegex(String x) {
 		// ECMA-262 regex validation
 		try {
 			java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(x);
 			return true;
 		} catch (@SuppressWarnings("unused") Exception e) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidRelativeJsonPointer(String x) {
 		// Relative JSON Pointer validation
 		return x.matches("^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)(#|(/[^/]*)*)$");
 	}

 	private boolean isValidRequired(Object x) {
 		return nn(x) || ! required;
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidTime(String x) {
 		// RFC 3339 time
 		return x.matches("^\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?(Z|[+-]\\d{2}:\\d{2})?$");
 	}

 	private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Collection<?> x) {
 		if (uniqueItems && ! (x instanceof Set)) {
 			var s = new HashSet<>();
 			for (var o : x)
 				if (! s.add(o))
 					return false;
 		}
 		return true;
 	}

 	private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Object x) {
 		if (uniqueItems) {
 			var s = new HashSet<>();
 			for (var i = 0; i < Array.getLength(x); i++) {
 				var o = Array.get(x, i);
 				if (! s.add(o))
 					return false;
 			}
 		}
 		return true;
 	}

 	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 	private static boolean isValidUri(String x) {
 		// RFC 3986 URI validation
 		try {
 			new java.net.URI(x);
 			return x.matches("^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*:.*");
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}

 	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 	private static boolean isValidUriReference(String x) {
 		// RFC 3986 URI reference (can be relative)
 		try {
 			new java.net.URI(x);
 			return true;
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidUriTemplate(String x) {
 		// RFC 6570 URI Template validation (simplified)
 		return x.matches("^[^\\s]*$");
 	}

 	private static boolean isValidUuid(String x) {
 		// RFC 4122 UUID validation
 		return x.matches("^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$");
 	}

 	private static boolean resolve(Boolean b) {
 		return b == null ? false : b;
 	}
 }