/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.rest.httppart;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
import static org.apache.juneau.common.utils.Utils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartType.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ClassUtils.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.*;

import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.common.utils.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.header.*;
import org.apache.juneau.httppart.*;
import org.apache.juneau.rest.*;
import org.apache.juneau.svl.*;

/**
 * Represents the headers in an HTTP request.
 *
 * <p>
 *    The {@link RequestHeaders} object is the API for accessing the headers of an HTTP request.
 *    It can be accessed by passing it as a parameter on your REST Java method:
 * </p>
 * <p class='bjava'>
 *    <ja>@RestPost</ja>(...)
 *    <jk>public</jk> Object myMethod(RequestHeaders <jv>headers</jv>) {...}
 * </p>
 *
 * <h5 class='figure'>Example:</h5>
 * <p class='bjava'>
 *    <ja>@RestPost</ja>(...)
 *    <jk>public</jk> Object myMethod(RequestHeaders <jv>headers</jv>) {
 *
 *       <jc>// Add a default value.</jc>
 *       <jv>headers</jv>.addDefault(<js>"ETag"</js>, <jsf>DEFAULT_UUID</jsf>);
 *
 *       <jc>// Get a header value as a POJO.</jc>
 *       UUID <jv>etag</jv> = <jv>headers</jv>.get(<js>"ETag"</js>).as(UUID.<jk>class</jk>).get();
 *
 *       <jc>// Get a header as a standard HTTP part.</jc>
 *       ContentType <jv>contentType</jv> = <jv>headers</jv>.get(ContentType.<jk>class</jk>).orElse(ContentType.<jsf>TEXT_XML</jsf>);
 *    }
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 *    Some important methods on this class are:
 * </p>
 * <ul class='javatree'>
 *    <li class='jc'>{@link RequestHeaders}
 *    <ul class='spaced-list'>
 *       <li>Methods for retrieving headers:
 *       <ul class='javatreec'>
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#contains(String) contains(String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#containsAny(String...) containsAny(String...)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#get(Class) get(Class)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#get(String) get(String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#getAll(String) getAll(String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#getFirst(String) getFirst(String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#getLast(String) getLast(String)}
 *       </ul>
 *       <li>Methods overridding headers:
 *       <ul class='javatreec'>
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#add(Header...) add(Header...)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#add(String, Object) add(String, Object)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#addDefault(Header...) addDefault(Header...)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#addDefault(List) addDefault(List)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#addDefault(String,String) addDefault(String,String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#remove(String) remove(String)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#set(Header...) set(Header...)}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#set(String,Object) set(String,Object)}
 *       </ul>
 *       <li>Other methods:
 *       <ul class='javatreec'>
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#copy() copy()}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#isEmpty() isEmpty()}
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link RequestHeaders#subset(String...) subset(String...)}
 *       </ul>
 *    </ul>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * Entries are stored in a case-insensitive map unless overridden via the constructor.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='jc'>{@link RequestHeader}
 *    <li class='ja'>{@link org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.Header}
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/HttpParts">HTTP Parts</a>
 * </ul>
 */
public class RequestHeaders extends ArrayList<RequestHeader> {

   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

   private final RestRequest req;
   private boolean caseSensitive;
   private final VarResolverSession vs;

   private HttpPartParserSession parser;

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param req The request creating this bean.
    * @param query The query parameters on the request (used for overloaded header values).
    * @param caseSensitive Whether case-sensitive name matching is enabled.
    */
   public RequestHeaders(RestRequest req, RequestQueryParams query, boolean caseSensitive) {
      this.req = req;
      this.caseSensitive = caseSensitive;
      this.vs = req.getVarResolverSession();

      for (Enumeration<String> e = req.getHttpServletRequest().getHeaderNames(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
         String name = e.nextElement();
         for (Enumeration<String> ve = req.getHttpServletRequest().getHeaders(name); ve.hasMoreElements();) {
            add(new RequestHeader(req, name, ve.nextElement()));
         }
      }

      // Parameters defined on the request URL overwrite existing headers.
      Set<String> allowedHeaderParams = req.getContext().getAllowedHeaderParams();
      query.forEach(p -> {
         String name = p.getName();
         String key = key(name);
         if (allowedHeaderParams.contains(key) || allowedHeaderParams.contains("*")) {
            set(name, p.getValue());
         }
      });
   }

   /**
    * Copy constructor.
    */
   private RequestHeaders(RequestHeaders copyFrom) {
      req = copyFrom.req;
      caseSensitive = copyFrom.caseSensitive;
      parser = copyFrom.parser;
      addAll(copyFrom);
      vs = copyFrom.vs;
   }

   /**
    * Subset constructor.
    */
   private RequestHeaders(RequestHeaders copyFrom, String...names) {
      this.req = copyFrom.req;
      caseSensitive = copyFrom.caseSensitive;
      parser = copyFrom.parser;
      vs = copyFrom.vs;
      for (String n : names)
         copyFrom.stream().filter(x -> eq(x.getName(), n)).forEach(this::add);
   }

   /**
    * Sets the parser to use for part values.
    *
    * @param value The new value for this setting.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders parser(HttpPartParserSession value) {
      this.parser = value;
      forEach(x -> x.parser(parser));
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Sets case sensitivity for names in this list.
    *
    * @param value The new value for this setting.
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    */
   public RequestHeaders caseSensitive(boolean value) {
      this.caseSensitive = value;
      return this;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Basic operations.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Adds default entries to these headers.
    *
    * <p>
    * Similar to {@link #set(String, Object)} but doesn't override existing values.
    *
    * @param pairs The default entries.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders addDefault(List<Header> pairs) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("pairs", pairs);
      for (Header p : pairs) {
         String name = p.getName();
         Stream<RequestHeader> l = stream(name);
         boolean hasAllBlanks = l.allMatch(x -> Utils.isEmpty(x.getValue()));
         if (hasAllBlanks) {
            removeAll(getAll(name));
            add(new RequestHeader(req, name, vs.resolve(p.getValue())));
         }
      }
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Adds default entries to these headers.
    *
    * <p>
    * Similar to {@link #set(String, Object)} but doesn't override existing values.
    *
    * @param pairs The default entries.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders addDefault(Header...pairs) {
      return addDefault(alist(pairs));
   }

   /**
    * Adds a default entry to the request headers.
    *
    * @param name The name.
    * @param value The value.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders addDefault(String name, String value) {
      return addDefault(BasicStringHeader.of(name, value));
   }

   /**
    * Adds a request header value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header is added to the end.
    * <br>Existing headers with the same name are not changed.
    *
    * @param name The header name.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @param value The header value.  Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders add(String name, Object value) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("name", name);
      add(new RequestHeader(req, name, Utils.s(value)).parser(parser));
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Adds request header values.
    *
    * <p>
    * Headers are added to the end.
    * <br>Existing headers with the same name are not changed.
    *
    * @param headers The header objects.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders add(Header...headers) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("headers", headers);
      for (Header h : headers)
         if (h != null)
            add(h.getName(), h.getValue());
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Sets a request header value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header is added to the end.
    * <br>Any previous headers with the same name are removed.
    *
    * @param name The header name.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Converted to a string using {@link Object#toString()}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders set(String name, Object value) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("name", name);
      set(new RequestHeader(req, name, Utils.s(value)).parser(parser));
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Sets request header values.
    *
    * <p>
    * Headers are added to the end.
    * <br>Any previous headers with the same name are removed.
    *
    * @param headers The header to set.  Must not be <jk>null</jk> or contain <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders set(Header...headers) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("headers", headers);
      for (Header h : headers)
         remove(h);
      for (Header h : headers)
         add(h);
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Remove header by name.
    *
    * @param name The header names.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders remove(String name) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("name", name);
      removeIf(x -> eq(x.getName(), name));
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Returns a copy of this object but only with the specified header names copied.
    *
    * @param names The list to include in the copy.
    * @return A new list object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders subset(String...names) {
      return new RequestHeaders(this, names);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Convenience getters.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Returns <jk>true</jk> if the header with the specified name is present.
    *
    * @param name The header name.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if the header with the specified name is present.
    */
   public boolean contains(String name) {
      return stream(name).findAny().isPresent();
   }

   /**
    * Returns <jk>true</jk> if the header with any of the specified names are present.
    *
    * @param names The header names.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if the header with any of the specified names are present.
    */
   public boolean containsAny(String...names) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("names", names);
      for (String n : names)
         if (stream(n).findAny().isPresent())
            return true;
      return false;
   }

   /**
    * Returns all headers with the specified name.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @return The list of all headers with matching names.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public List<RequestHeader> getAll(String name) {
      return stream(name).collect(toList());
   }

   /**
    * Returns all headers with the specified name.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @return The stream of all headers with matching names.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public Stream<RequestHeader> stream(String name) {
      return stream().filter(x -> eq(x.getName(), name));
   }

   /**
    * Returns all headers in sorted order.
    *
    * @return The stream of all headers in sorted order.
    */
   public Stream<RequestHeader> getSorted() {
      Comparator<RequestHeader> x;
      if (caseSensitive)
         x = Comparator.comparing(RequestHeader::getName);
      else
         x = (x1,x2) -> String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER.compare(x1.getName(), x2.getName());
      return stream().sorted(x);
   }

   /**
    * Returns all the unique header names in this list.
    * @return The list of all unique header names in this list.
    */
   public List<String> getNames() {
      return stream().map(RequestHeader::getName).map(x -> caseSensitive ? x : x.toLowerCase()).distinct().collect(toList());
   }

   /**
    * Returns the first header with the specified name.
    *
    * <p>
    * Note that this method never returns <jk>null</jk> and that {@link RequestHeader#isPresent()} can be used
    * to test for the existence of the header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return The header.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public RequestHeader getFirst(String name) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("name", name);
      return stream(name).findFirst().orElseGet(()->new RequestHeader(req, name, null).parser(parser));
   }

   /**
    * Returns the last header with the specified name.
    *
    * <p>
    * Note that this method never returns <jk>null</jk> and that {@link RequestHeader#isPresent()} can be used
    * to test for the existence of the header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return The header.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public RequestHeader getLast(String name) {
      Utils.assertArgNotNull("name", name);
      Value<RequestHeader> v = Value.empty();
      stream(name).forEach(x -> v.set(x));
      return v.orElseGet(() -> new RequestHeader(req, name, null).parser(parser));
   }

   /**
    * Returns the condensed header with the specified name.
    *
    * <p>
    * If multiple headers are present, they will be combined into a single comma-delimited list.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @return The header, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public RequestHeader get(String name) {
      List<RequestHeader> l = getAll(name);
      if (l.isEmpty())
         return new RequestHeader(req, name, null).parser(parser);
      if (l.size() == 1)
         return l.get(0);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
      for (int i = 0, j = l.size(); i < j; i++) {
         if (i > 0)
            sb.append(", ");
         sb.append(l.get(i).getValue());
      }
      return new RequestHeader(req, name, sb.toString()).parser(parser);
   }

   /**
    * Returns the header as the specified bean type.
    *
    * <p>
    * Type must have a name specified via the {@link org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.Header} annotation
    * and a public constructor that takes in either <c>value</c> or <c>name,value</c> as strings.
    *
    * @param <T> The bean type to create.
    * @param type The bean type to create.
    * @return The bean, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public <T> Optional<T> get(Class<T> type) {
      ClassMeta<T> cm = req.getBeanSession().getClassMeta(type);
      String name = HttpParts.getName(HEADER, cm).orElseThrow(()->new BasicRuntimeException("@Header(name) not found on class {0}", className(type)));
      return get(name).as(type);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Other methods
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Makes a copy of these parameters.
    *
    * @return A new parameters object.
    */
   public RequestHeaders copy() {
      return new RequestHeaders(this);
   }

   private String key(String name) {
      return caseSensitive ? name : name.toLowerCase();
   }

   private boolean eq(String s1, String s2) {
      if (caseSensitive)
         return Utils.eq(s1, s2);
      return Utils.eqic(s1, s2);
   }

   @Override /* Object */
   public String toString() {
      JsonMap m = new JsonMap();
      for (String n : getNames())
         m.put(n, get(n).asString().orElse(null));
      return m.asJson();
   }
}