/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.httppart;

import static java.util.Collections.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.common.utils.StringUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.common.utils.ThrowableUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.common.utils.Utils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartDataType.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartFormat.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ClassUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.CollectionUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.CollectionUtils.map;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.function.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.common.utils.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.internal.*;
import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;
import org.apache.juneau.reflect.*;

/**
 * Represents an OpenAPI schema definition.
 *
 * <p>
 * The schema definition can be applied to any HTTP parts such as bodies, headers, query/form parameters, and URL path parts.
 * <br>The API is generic enough to apply to any path part although some attributes may only applicable for certain parts.
 *
 * <p>
 * Schema objects are created via builders instantiated through the {@link #create()} method.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='note'>This class is thread safe and reusable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/OpenApiBasics">OpenApi Basics</a>
 * </ul>
 */
public class HttpPartSchema {

   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Static
   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /** Reusable instance of this object, all default settings. */
   public static final HttpPartSchema DEFAULT = HttpPartSchema.create().allowEmptyValue(true).build();

   /** Boolean type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_BOOLEAN = HttpPartSchema.tBoolean().build();

   /** File type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_FILE = HttpPartSchema.tFile().build();

   /** Integer type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_INTEGER = HttpPartSchema.tInteger().build();

   /** Int32 type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_INT32 = HttpPartSchema.tInt32().build();

   /** Int64 type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_INT64 = HttpPartSchema.tInt64().build();

   /** No type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_NONE = HttpPartSchema.tNone().build();

   /** Number type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_NUMBER = HttpPartSchema.tNumber().build();

   /** Float type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_FLOAT = HttpPartSchema.tFloat().build();

   /** Double type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_DOUBLE = HttpPartSchema.tDouble().build();

   /** String type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_STRING = HttpPartSchema.tString().build();

   /** Byte type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_BYTE = HttpPartSchema.tByte().build();

   /** Binary type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_BINARY = HttpPartSchema.tBinary().build();

   /** Spaced binary type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_BINARY_SPACED = HttpPartSchema.tBinarySpaced().build();

   /** Date type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_DATE = HttpPartSchema.tDate().build();

   /** Date-time type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_DATETIME = HttpPartSchema.tDateTime().build();

   /** UON-formated simple type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_UON = HttpPartSchema.tUon().build();

   /** Array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY = HttpPartSchema.tArray().build();

   /** Comma-delimited array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_CSV = HttpPartSchema.tArrayCsv().build();

   /** Pipe-delimited array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_PIPES = HttpPartSchema.tArrayPipes().build();

   /** Space-delimited array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_SSV = HttpPartSchema.tArraySsv().build();

   /** Tab-delimited array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_TSV = HttpPartSchema.tArrayTsv().build();

   /** UON-formatted array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_UON = HttpPartSchema.tArrayUon().build();

   /** Multi-part array type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_ARRAY_MULTI = HttpPartSchema.tArrayMulti().build();

   /** Object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT = HttpPartSchema.tObject().build();

   /** Comma-delimited object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_CSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectCsv().build();

   /** Pipe-delimited object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_PIPES = HttpPartSchema.tObjectPipes().build();

   /** Space-delimited object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_SSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectSsv().build();

   /** Tab-delimited object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_TSV = HttpPartSchema.tObjectTsv().build();

   /** UON-formated object type */
   public static final HttpPartSchema T_OBJECT_UON = HttpPartSchema.tObjectUon().build();

   /**
    * Instantiates a new builder for this object.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder create() {
      return new Builder();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>BOOLEAN</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tBoolean() {
      return create().tBoolean();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>FILE</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tFile() {
      return create().tFile();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tInteger() {
      return create().tInteger();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>INT32</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tInt32() {
      return create().tInteger().fInt32();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>INTEGER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>INT64</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tInt64() {
      return create().tInteger().fInt64();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NONE</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tNone() {
      return create().tNone();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tNumber() {
      return create().tNumber();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>FLOAT</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tFloat() {
      return create().tNumber().fFloat();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>NUMBER</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DOUBLE</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tDouble() {
      return create().tNumber().fDouble();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tString() {
      return create().tString();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BYTE</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tByte() {
      return create().tString().fByte();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BINARY</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tBinary() {
      return create().tString().fBinary();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>BINARY_SPACED</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tBinarySpaced() {
      return create().tString().fBinarySpaced();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DATE</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tDate() {
      return create().tString().fDate();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>DATE_TIME</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tDateTime() {
      return create().tString().fDateTime();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>STRING</jsf>).format(HttpPartFormat.<jsf>UON</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tUon() {
      return create().tString().fUon();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArray() {
      return create().tArray();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArray(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayCsv() {
      return create().tArray().cfCsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayCsv(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfCsv().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayPipes() {
      return create().tArray().cfPipes();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayPipes(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfPipes().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArraySsv() {
      return create().tArray().cfSsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArraySsv(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfSsv().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayTsv() {
      return create().tArray().cfTsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayTsv(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfTsv().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UONC</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayUon() {
      return create().tArray().cfUon();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UONC</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayUon(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfUon().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>MULTI</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayMulti() {
      return create().tArray().cfMulti();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>ARRAY</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>MULTI</jsf>).items(items)</c>.
    *
    * @param items The schema of the array items.
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tArrayMulti(Builder items) {
      return create().tArray().cfMulti().items(items);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObject() {
      return create().tObject();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>CSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObjectCsv() {
      return create().tObject().cfCsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>PIPES</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObjectPipes() {
      return create().tObject().cfPipes();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>SSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObjectSsv() {
      return create().tObject().cfSsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>TSV</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObjectTsv() {
      return create().tObject().cfTsv();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for <c><jsm>create</jsm>().type(HttpPartDataType.<jsf>OBJECT</jsf>).collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.<jsf>UON</jsf>)</c>.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static Builder tObjectUon() {
      return create().tObject().cfUon();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified method parameter.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
    * <ul>
    *    <li>The method parameter.
    *    <li>The method parameter class.
    *    <li>The method parameter parent classes and interfaces.
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Content}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param mpi The Java method parameter.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParamInfo mpi) {
      return create().applyAll(c, mpi).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified method return.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
    * <ul>
    *    <li>The method.
    *    <li>The method return class.
    *    <li>The method return parent classes and interfaces.
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Content}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param m
    *    The Java method with the return type being checked.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
      return create().applyAll(c, m).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified class.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations on the class and all parent classes/interfaces.
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Content}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param t
    *    The class containing the parameter.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
      return create().applyAll(c, t).build();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for calling <c>create().type(type);</c>
    *
    * @param type The schema type value.
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static Builder create(String type) {
      return create().type(type);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for calling <c>create().type(type).format(format);</c>
    *
    * @param type The schema type value.
    * @param format The schema format value.
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static Builder create(String type, String format) {
      return create().type(type).format(format);
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
    *
    * @param a
    *    The annotation to find the schema information on..
    * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a) {
      return create().apply(a).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
    *
    * @param a
    *    The annotation to find the schema information on..
    * @param defaultName The default part name if not specified on the annotation.
    * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a, String defaultName) {
      return create().name(defaultName).apply(a).build();
   }

   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Builder
   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Builder class.
    */
   public static class Builder {
      String name, _default;
      Set<Integer> codes;
      Set<String> _enum;
      Boolean allowEmptyValue, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, required, uniqueItems, skipIfEmpty;
      HttpPartCollectionFormat collectionFormat = HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT;
      HttpPartDataType type = HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE;
      HttpPartFormat format = HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT;
      Pattern pattern;
      Number maximum, minimum, multipleOf;
      Long maxLength, minLength, maxItems, minItems, maxProperties, minProperties;
      Map<String,Object> properties;
      Object items, additionalProperties;
      boolean noValidate;
      Class<? extends HttpPartParser> parser;
      Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> serializer;

      /**
       * Instantiates a new {@link HttpPartSchema} object based on the configuration of this builder.
       *
       * <p>
       * This method can be called multiple times to produce new schema objects.
       *
       * @return
       *    A new {@link HttpPartSchema} object.
       *    <br>Never <jk>null</jk>.
       */
      public HttpPartSchema build() {
         return new HttpPartSchema(this);
      }

      Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParamInfo mpi) {
         apply(c, mpi.getParameterType().innerType());
         mpi.forEachDeclaredAnnotation(c, x -> true, this::apply);
         return this;
      }

      Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, ParamInfo mpi) {
         return apply(Schema.class, mpi).apply(c, mpi);
      }

      Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
         apply(c, m.getGenericReturnType());
         Annotation a = m.getAnnotation(c);
         if (a != null)
            return apply(a);
         return this;
      }

      Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
         return apply(Schema.class, m).apply(c, m);
      }

      Builder apply(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
         if (t instanceof Class<?>) {
            ClassInfo.of((Class<?>)t).forEachAnnotation(c, x -> true, this::apply);
         } else if (Value.isType(t)) {
            apply(c, Value.getParameterType(t));
         }
         return this;
      }

      Builder applyAll(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
         return apply(Schema.class, t).apply(c, t);
      }

      /**
       * Apply the specified annotation to this schema.
       *
       * @param a The annotation to apply.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder apply(Annotation a) {
         if (a instanceof Content)
            apply((Content)a);
         else if (a instanceof Header)
            apply((Header)a);
         else if (a instanceof FormData)
            apply((FormData)a);
         else if (a instanceof Query)
            apply((Query)a);
         else if (a instanceof Path)
            apply((Path)a);
         else if (a instanceof Response)
            apply((Response)a);
         else if (a instanceof StatusCode)
            apply((StatusCode)a);
         else if (a instanceof HasQuery)
            apply((HasQuery)a);
         else if (a instanceof HasFormData)
            apply((HasFormData)a);
         else if (a instanceof Schema)
            apply((Schema)a);
         else
            throw new BasicRuntimeException("Builder.apply(@{0}) not defined", className(a));
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Content a) {
         if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
            apply(a.schema());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Header a) {
         if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
            apply(a.schema());
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         parser(a.parser());
         serializer(a.serializer());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(FormData a) {
         if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
            apply(a.schema());
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         parser(a.parser());
         serializer(a.serializer());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Query a) {
         if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
            apply(a.schema());
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         parser(a.parser());
         serializer(a.serializer());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Path a) {
         if (! SchemaAnnotation.empty(a.schema()))
            apply(a.schema());
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         parser(a.parser());
         serializer(a.serializer());

         // Path remainder always allows empty value.
         if (startsWith(name, '/')) {
            allowEmptyValue();
            required(false);
         } else if (required == null) {
            required(true);
         }

         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Response a) {
         allowEmptyValue(true);
         apply(a.schema());
         parser(a.parser());
         required(false);
         serializer(a.serializer());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(StatusCode a) {
         codes(a.value());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Items a) {
         _default(joinnlOrNull(a._default(), a.df()));
         _enum(toSet(a._enum(), a.e()));
         collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));
         exclusiveMaximum(a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax());
         exclusiveMinimum(a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin());
         format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
         items(a.items());
         maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
         maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
         maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
         minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
         minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
         minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
         multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
         pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
         type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
         uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(SubItems a) {
         _default(joinnlOrNull(a._default(), a.df()));
         _enum(toSet(a._enum(), a.e()));
         collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));
         exclusiveMaximum(a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax());
         exclusiveMinimum(a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin());
         format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
         items(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.items()));
         maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
         maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
         maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
         minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
         minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
         minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
         multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
         pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
         type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
         uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(Schema a) {
         _default(joinnlOrNull(a._default(), a.df()));
         _enum(toSet(a._enum(), a.e()));
         additionalProperties(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.additionalProperties()));
         allowEmptyValue(a.allowEmptyValue() || a.aev());
         collectionFormat(firstNonEmpty(a.collectionFormat(), a.cf()));
         exclusiveMaximum(a.exclusiveMaximum() || a.emax());
         exclusiveMinimum(a.exclusiveMinimum() || a.emin());
         format(firstNonEmpty(a.format(), a.f()));
         items(a.items());
         maximum(toNumber(a.maximum(), a.max()));
         maxItems(firstNmo(a.maxItems(), a.maxi()));
         maxLength(firstNmo(a.maxLength(), a.maxl()));
         maxProperties(firstNmo(a.maxProperties(), a.maxp()));
         minimum(toNumber(a.minimum(), a.min()));
         minItems(firstNmo(a.minItems(), a.mini()));
         minLength(firstNmo(a.minLength(), a.minl()));
         minProperties(firstNmo(a.minProperties(), a.minp()));
         multipleOf(toNumber(a.multipleOf(), a.mo()));
         pattern(firstNonEmpty(a.pattern(), a.p()));
         properties(HttpPartSchema.toJsonMap(a.properties()));
         required(a.required() || a.r());
         skipIfEmpty(a.skipIfEmpty() || a.sie());
         type(firstNonEmpty(a.type(), a.t()));
         uniqueItems(a.uniqueItems() || a.ui());
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(HasQuery a) {
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(HasFormData a) {
         name(firstNonEmpty(a.name(), a.value()));
         return this;
      }

      Builder apply(JsonMap m) {
         if (m != null && ! m.isEmpty()) {
            _default(m.getString("default"));
            _enum(HttpPartSchema.toSet(m.getString("enum")));
            allowEmptyValue(m.getBoolean("allowEmptyValue"));
            exclusiveMaximum(m.getBoolean("exclusiveMaximum"));
            exclusiveMinimum(m.getBoolean("exclusiveMinimum"));
            required(m.getBoolean("required"));
            uniqueItems(m.getBoolean("uniqueItems"));
            collectionFormat(m.getString("collectionFormat"));
            type(m.getString("type"));
            format(m.getString("format"));
            pattern(m.getString("pattern"));
            maximum(m.get("maximum", Number.class));
            minimum(m.get("minimum", Number.class));
            multipleOf(m.get("multipleOf", Number.class));
            maxItems(m.get("maxItems", Long.class));
            maxLength(m.get("maxLength", Long.class));
            maxProperties(m.get("maxProperties", Long.class));
            minItems(m.get("minItems", Long.class));
            minLength(m.get("minLength", Long.class));
            minProperties(m.get("minProperties", Long.class));

            items(m.getMap("items"));
            properties(m.getMap("properties"));
            additionalProperties(m.getMap("additionalProperties"));

            apply(m.getMap("schema", null));
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>name</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder name(String value) {
         if (Utils.isNotEmpty(value))
            name = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #name(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder n(String value) {
         return name(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>httpStatusCode</mk> key.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#responsesObject">Responses</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if <jk>null</jk> or an empty array.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder codes(int[] value) {
         if (value != null && value.length != 0)
            for (int v : value)
               code(v);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>httpStatusCode</mk> key.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#responsesObject">Responses</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <c>0</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder code(int value) {
         if (value != 0) {
            if (codes == null)
               codes = new TreeSet<>();
            codes.add(value);
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>required</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Determines whether the parameter is mandatory.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder required(Boolean value) {
         required = resolve(value, required);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #required(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder r(Boolean value) {
         return required(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>required</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Determines whether the parameter is mandatory.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #required(Boolean)} but takes in a boolean value as a string.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder required(String value) {
         required = resolve(value, required);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #required(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder r(String value) {
         return required(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>required</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>required(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder required() {
         return required(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #required()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder r() {
         return required();
      }

      /**
       * <mk>type</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * The type of the parameter.
       *
       * <p>
       * If the type is not specified, it will be auto-detected based on the parameter class type.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#securitySchemeObject">SecurityScheme</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <ul class='values'>
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"string"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be a string or a POJO convertible from a string.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"number"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be a number primitive or number object.
       *       <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Float</c> or <c>Double</c> depending on the size of the number.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"integer"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be a integer/long primitive or integer/long object.
       *       <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Short</c>, <c>Integer</c>, or <c>Long</c> depending on the size of the number.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"boolean"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be a boolean primitive or object.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"array"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be an array or collection.
       *       <br>Elements must be strings or POJOs convertible from strings.
       *       <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonList}.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"object"</js>
       *       <br>Parameter must be a map or bean.
       *       <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonMap}.
       *       <br>Note that this is an extension of the OpenAPI schema as Juneau allows for arbitrarily-complex POJOs to be serialized as HTTP parts.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"file"</js>
       *       <br>This type is currently not supported.
       * </ul>
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
       *    <li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification#dataTypes">Swagger Data Types</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder type(String value) {
         try {
            if (Utils.isNotEmpty(value))
               type = HttpPartDataType.fromString(value);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ContextRuntimeException("Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as type value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartDataType.values());
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #type(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder t(String value) {
         return type(value);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.STRING)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tString() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.STRING;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.NUMBER)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tNumber() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.NUMBER;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.INTEGER)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tInteger() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.INTEGER;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tBoolean() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.ARRAY)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tArray() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.ARRAY;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.OBJECT)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tObject() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.OBJECT;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.FILE)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tFile() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.FILE;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>type(HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder tNone() {
         type = HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>type</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * The type of the parameter.
       *
       * <p>
       * If the type is not specified, it will be auto-detected based on the parameter class type.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#securitySchemeObject">SecurityScheme</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <ul class='values javatree'>
       *    <li class='jc'>{@link HttpPartDataType}
       *    <ul>
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#STRING STRING}
       *          <br>Parameter must be a string or a POJO convertible from a string.
       *          <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#NUMBER NUMBER}
       *          <br>Parameter must be a number primitive or number object.
       *          <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Float</c> or <c>Double</c> depending on the size of the number.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#INTEGER INTEGER}
       *          <br>Parameter must be a integer/long primitive or integer/long object.
       *          <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates either a <c>Short</c>, <c>Integer</c>, or <c>Long</c> depending on the size of the number.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#BOOLEAN BOOLEAN}
       *          <br>Parameter must be a boolean primitive or object.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#ARRAY ARRAY}
       *          <br>Parameter must be an array or collection.
       *          <br>Elements must be strings or POJOs convertible from strings.
       *          <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonList}.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#OBJECT OBJECT}
       *          <br>Parameter must be a map or bean.
       *          <br>If parameter is <c>Object</c>, creates an {@link JsonMap}.
       *          <br>Note that this is an extension of the OpenAPI schema as Juneau allows for arbitrarily-complex POJOs to be serialized as HTTP parts.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartDataType#FILE FILE}
       *          <br>This type is currently not supported.
       *    </ul>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
       *    <li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification#dataTypes">Swagger Data Types</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder type(HttpPartDataType value) {
         this.type = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #type(HttpPartDataType)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder t(HttpPartDataType value) {
         return type(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>format</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * The extending format for the previously mentioned <a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterType">parameter type</a>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <ul class='values'>
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"int32"</js> - Signed 32 bits.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"int64"</js> - Signed 64 bits.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"float"</js> - 32-bit floating point number.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"double"</js> - 64-bit floating point number.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"byte"</js> - BASE-64 encoded characters.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *       <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"binary"</js> - Hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00FF"</js>).
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *       <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"binary-spaced"</js> - Hexadecimal encoded octets, spaced (e.g. <js>"00 FF"</js>).
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *       <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"date"</js> - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 full-date</a>.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"date-time"</js> - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 date-time</a>.
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"password"</js> - Used to hint UIs the input needs to be obscured.
       *       <br>This format does not affect the serialization or parsing of the parameter.
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"uon"</js> - UON notation (e.g. <js>"(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,123))"</js>).
       *       <br>Only valid with type <js>"object"</js>.
       *       <br>If not specified, then the input is interpreted as plain-text and is converted to a POJO directly.
       * </ul>
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
       *    <li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Swagger Schema Object</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or an empty string.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder format(String value) {
         try {
            if (Utils.isNotEmpty(value))
               format = HttpPartFormat.fromString(value);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ContextRuntimeException("Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as format value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartFormat.values());
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #format(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder f(String value) {
         return format(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>format</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * The extending format for the previously mentioned <a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterType">parameter type</a>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <ul class='values javatree'>
       *    <ul class='jc'>{@link HttpPartFormat}
       *    <ul>
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#INT32 INT32} - Signed 32 bits.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#INT64 INT64} - Signed 64 bits.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"integer"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#FLOAT FLOAT} - 32-bit floating point number.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#DOUBLE DOUBLE} - 64-bit floating point number.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"number"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#BYTE BYTE} - BASE-64 encoded characters.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *          <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#BINARY BINARY} - Hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00FF"</js>).
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *          <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#BINARY_SPACED BINARY_SPACED} - Hexadecimal encoded octets, spaced (e.g. <js>"00 FF"</js>).
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *          <br>Parameters of type POJO convertible from string are converted after the string has been decoded.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#DATE DATE} - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 full-date</a>.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#DATE_TIME DATE_TIME} - An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 date-time</a>.
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"string"</js>.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#PASSWORD PASSWORD} - Used to hint UIs the input needs to be obscured.
       *          <br>This format does not affect the serialization or parsing of the parameter.
       *       <li class='jf'>
       *          {@link HttpPartFormat#UON UON} - UON notation (e.g. <js>"(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,123))"</js>).
       *          <br>Only valid with type <js>"object"</js>.
       *          <br>If not specified, then the input is interpreted as plain-text and is converted to a POJO directly.
       *    </ul>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
       *    <li class='extlink'><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Swagger Schema Object</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder format(HttpPartFormat value) {
         format = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #format(HttpPartFormat)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder f(HttpPartFormat value) {
         return format(value);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.INT32)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fInt32() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.INT32;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.INT64)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fInt64() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.INT64;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.FLOAT)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fFloat() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.FLOAT;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fDouble() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BYTE)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fByte() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.BYTE;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BINARY)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fBinary() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.BINARY;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fBinarySpaced() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DATE)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fDate() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.DATE;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fDateTime() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fPassword() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.UON)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fUon() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.UON;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>format(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder fNone() {
         format = HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Sets the ability to pass empty-valued parameters.
       * <br>This is valid only for either query or formData parameters and allows you to send a parameter with a name only or an empty value.
       * <br>The default value is <jk>false</jk>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder allowEmptyValue(Boolean value) {
         allowEmptyValue = resolve(value, allowEmptyValue);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder aev(Boolean value) {
         return allowEmptyValue(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #allowEmptyValue(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder allowEmptyValue(String value) {
         allowEmptyValue = resolve(value, allowEmptyValue);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder aev(String value) {
         return allowEmptyValue(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>allowEmptyValue</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>allowEmptyValue(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder allowEmptyValue() {
         return allowEmptyValue(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #allowEmptyValue()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder aev() {
         return allowEmptyValue(true);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>items</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Describes the type of items in the array.
       * <p>
       * Required if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder items(Builder value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.items = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #items(HttpPartSchema.Builder)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder i(Builder value) {
         return items(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>items</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Describes the type of items in the array.
       * <p>
       * Required if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder items(HttpPartSchema value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.items = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #items(HttpPartSchema)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder i(HttpPartSchema value) {
         return items(value);
      }

      Builder items(JsonMap value) {
         if (value != null && ! value.isEmpty())
            items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
         return this;
      }

      Builder items(Items value) {
         if (! ItemsAnnotation.empty(value))
            items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
         return this;
      }

      Builder items(SubItems value) {
         if (! SubItemsAnnotation.empty(value))
            items = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
         return this;
      }


      /**
       * <mk>collectionFormat</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Determines the format of the array if <c>type</c> <js>"array"</js> is used.
       * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <p>
       * Note that for collections/arrays parameters with POJO element types, the input is broken into a string array before being converted into POJO elements.
       *
       * <ul class='values'>
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"csv"</js> (default) - Comma-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo,bar"</js>).
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"ssv"</js> - Space-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo bar"</js>).
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"tsv"</js> - Tab-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo\tbar"</js>).
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"pipes</js> - Pipe-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo|bar"</js>).
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"multi"</js> - Corresponds to multiple parameter instances instead of multiple values for a single instance (e.g. <js>"foo=bar&amp;foo=baz"</js>).
       *    <li>
       *       <js>"uon"</js> - UON notation (e.g. <js>"@(foo,bar)"</js>).
       *    <li>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder collectionFormat(String value) {
         try {
            if (Utils.isNotEmpty(value))
               this.collectionFormat = HttpPartCollectionFormat.fromString(value);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ContextRuntimeException("Invalid value ''{0}'' passed in as collectionFormat value.  Valid values: {1}", value, HttpPartCollectionFormat.values());
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #collectionFormat(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cf(String value) {
         return collectionFormat(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>collectionFormat</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Determines the format of the array if <c>type</c> <js>"array"</js> is used.
       * <br>Can only be used if <c>type</c> is <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * <p>
       * Note that for collections/arrays parameters with POJO element types, the input is broken into a string array before being converted into POJO elements.
       *
       * <ul class='values javatree'>
       *    <ul class='jc'>{@link HttpPartCollectionFormat}
       *    <ul>
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#CSV CSV} (default) - Comma-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo,bar"</js>).
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#SSV SSV} - Space-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo bar"</js>).
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#TSV TSV} - Tab-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo\tbar"</js>).
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#PIPES PIPES} - Pipe-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo|bar"</js>).
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#MULTI MULTI} - Corresponds to multiple parameter instances instead of multiple values for a single instance (e.g. <js>"foo=bar&amp;foo=baz"</js>).
       *       <li>
       *          {@link HttpPartCollectionFormat#UONC UONC} - UON collection notation (e.g. <js>"@(foo,bar)"</js>).
       *    </ul>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat value) {
         collectionFormat = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cf(HttpPartCollectionFormat value) {
         return collectionFormat(value);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.CSV)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfCsv() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.CSV);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.SSV)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfSsv() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.SSV);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.TSV)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfTsv() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.TSV);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.PIPES)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfPipes() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.PIPES);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.MULTI)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfMulti() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.MULTI);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.UONC)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfUon() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.UONC);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT)</c>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder cfNone() {
         return collectionFormat(HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>default</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Declares the value of the parameter that the server will use if none is provided, for example a "count" to control the number of results per page might default to 100 if not supplied by the client in the request.
       * <br>(Note: "default" has no meaning for required parameters.)
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder _default(String value) {
         if (value != null)
            this._default = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #_default(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder df(String value) {
         return _default(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>maximum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Defines the maximum value for a parameter of numeric types.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maximum(Number value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.maximum = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maximum(Number)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder max(Number value) {
         return maximum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Defines whether the maximum is matched exclusively.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
       * <br>If <jk>true</jk>, must be accompanied with <c>maximum</c>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMaximum(Boolean value) {
         exclusiveMaximum = resolve(value, exclusiveMaximum);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emax(Boolean value) {
         return exclusiveMaximum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMaximum(String value) {
         exclusiveMaximum = resolve(value, exclusiveMaximum);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emax(String value) {
         return exclusiveMaximum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMaximum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>exclusiveMaximum(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMaximum() {
         return exclusiveMaximum(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMaximum()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emax() {
         return exclusiveMaximum();
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minimum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Defines the minimum value for a parameter of numeric types.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minimum(Number value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.minimum = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minimum(Number)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder min(Number value) {
         return minimum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Defines whether the minimum is matched exclusively.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
       * <br>If <jk>true</jk>, must be accompanied with <c>minimum</c>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMinimum(Boolean value) {
         exclusiveMinimum = resolve(value, exclusiveMinimum);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emin(Boolean value) {
         return exclusiveMinimum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean value.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMinimum(String value) {
         exclusiveMinimum = resolve(value, exclusiveMinimum);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emin(String value) {
         return exclusiveMinimum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>exclusiveMinimum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>exclusiveMinimum(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder exclusiveMinimum() {
         return exclusiveMinimum(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #exclusiveMinimum()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder emin() {
         return exclusiveMinimum();
      }

      /**
       * <mk>maxLength</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * A string instance is valid against this keyword if its length is less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
       * <br>The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its characters as defined by <a href='https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627'>RFC 4627</a>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxLength(Long value) {
         maxLength = resolve(value, maxLength);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxLength(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxl(Long value) {
         return maxLength(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>maxLength</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #maxLength(Long)} but takes in a string number.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxLength(String value) {
         maxLength = resolve(value, maxLength);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxLength(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxl(String value) {
         return maxLength(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minLength</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * A string instance is valid against this keyword if its length is greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
       * <br>The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its characters as defined by <a href='https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627'>RFC 4627</a>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minLength(Long value) {
         minLength = resolve(value, minLength);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minLength(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minl(Long value) {
         return minLength(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minLength</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #minLength(Long)} but takes in a string number.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minLength(String value) {
         minLength = resolve(value, minLength);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minLength(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minl(String value) {
         return minLength(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>pattern</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * A string input is valid if it matches the specified regular expression pattern.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"string"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder pattern(String value) {
         try {
            if (Utils.isNotEmpty(value))
               this.pattern = Pattern.compile(value);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ContextRuntimeException(e, "Invalid value {0} passed in as pattern value.  Must be a valid regular expression.", value);
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #pattern(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder p(String value) {
         return pattern(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>maxItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * An array or collection is valid if its size is less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxItems(Long value) {
         maxItems = resolve(value, maxItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxItems(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxi(Long value) {
         return maxItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>maxItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #maxItems(Long)} but takes in a string number.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxItems(String value) {
         maxItems = resolve(value, maxItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxItems(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxi(String value) {
         return maxItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * An array or collection is valid if its size is greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minItems(Long value) {
         minItems = resolve(value, minItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minItems(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder mini(Long value) {
         return minItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #minItems(Long)} but takes in a string number.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minItems(String value) {
         minItems = resolve(value, minItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minItems(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder mini(String value) {
         return minItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * If <jk>true</jk>, the input validates successfully if all of its elements are unique.
       *
       * <p>
       * <br>If the parameter type is a subclass of {@link Set}, this validation is skipped (since a set can only contain unique items anyway).
       * <br>Otherwise, the collection or array is checked for duplicate items.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"array"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder uniqueItems(Boolean value) {
         uniqueItems = resolve(value, uniqueItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder ui(Boolean value) {
         return uniqueItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #uniqueItems(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty..
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder uniqueItems(String value) {
         uniqueItems = resolve(value, uniqueItems);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder ui(String value) {
         return uniqueItems(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>uniqueItems</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>uniqueItems(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder uniqueItems() {
         return uniqueItems(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #uniqueItems()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder ui() {
         return uniqueItems();
      }

      /**
       * <mk>skipIfEmpty</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Identifies whether an item should be skipped during serialization if it's empty.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder skipIfEmpty(Boolean value) {
         skipIfEmpty = resolve(value, skipIfEmpty);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty(Boolean)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder sie(Boolean value) {
         return skipIfEmpty(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>skipIfEmpty</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #skipIfEmpty(Boolean)} but takes in a string boolean.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder skipIfEmpty(String value) {
         skipIfEmpty = resolve(value, skipIfEmpty);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder sie(String value) {
         return skipIfEmpty(value);
      }

      /**
       * Identifies whether an item should be skipped if it's empty.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>skipIfEmpty(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder skipIfEmpty() {
         return skipIfEmpty(true);
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #skipIfEmpty()}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder sie() {
         return skipIfEmpty();
      }

      /**
       * <mk>enum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * If specified, the input validates successfully if it is equal to one of the elements in this array.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or an empty set.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder _enum(Set<String> value) {
         if (value != null && ! value.isEmpty())
            this._enum = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #_enum(Set)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder e(Set<String> value) {
         return _enum(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>_enum</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #_enum(Set)} but takes in a var-args array.
       *
       * @param values
       *    The new values for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder _enum(String...values) {
         return _enum(Utils.set(values));
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #_enum(String...)}.
       *
       * @param values
       *    The new values for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder e(String...values) {
         return _enum(values);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>multipleOf</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * A numeric instance is valid if the result of the division of the instance by this keyword's value is an integer.
       *
       * <p>
       * Only allowed for the following types: <js>"integer"</js>, <js>"number"</js>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#parameterObject">Parameter</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#itemsObject">Items</a>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#headerObject">Header</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder multipleOf(Number value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.multipleOf = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #multipleOf(Number)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder mo(Number value) {
         return multipleOf(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>mapProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or <c>-1</c>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxProperties(Long value) {
         maxProperties = resolve(value, maxProperties);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxProperties(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxp(Long value) {
         return maxProperties(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>mapProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #maxProperties(Long)} but takes in a string number.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxProperties(String value) {
         maxProperties = resolve(value, maxProperties);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #maxProperties(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder maxp(String value) {
         return maxProperties(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minProperties(Long value) {
         minProperties = resolve(value, minProperties);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minProperties(Long)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minp(Long value) {
         return minProperties(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>minProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Same as {@link #minProperties(Long)} but takes in a string boolean.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minProperties(String value) {
         minProperties = resolve(value, minProperties);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Synonym for {@link #minProperties(String)}.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder minp(String value) {
         return minProperties(value);
      }

      /**
       * <mk>properties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param key
       * The property name.
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder property(String key, Builder value) {
         if ( key != null && value != null) {
            if (properties == null)
               properties = map();
            properties.put(key, value);
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>properties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param key
       * The property name.
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder property(String key, HttpPartSchema value) {
         if ( key != null && value != null) {
            if (properties == null)
               properties = map();
            properties.put(key, value);
         }
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>property(key, value)</c>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param key
       * The property name.
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder p(String key, Builder value) {
         return property(key, value);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>property(key, value)</c>.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param key
       * The property name.
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder p(String key, HttpPartSchema value) {
         return property(key, value);
      }

      private Builder properties(JsonMap value) {
         if (value != null)
            value.forEach((k,v) -> property(k, HttpPartSchema.create().apply((JsonMap)v)));
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>additionalProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder additionalProperties(Builder value) {
         if (value != null)
            additionalProperties = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * <mk>additionalProperties</mk> field.
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder additionalProperties(HttpPartSchema value) {
         if (value != null)
            additionalProperties = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>additionalProperties(value)</c>
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder ap(Builder value) {
         return additionalProperties(value);
      }

      /**
       * Shortcut for <c>additionalProperties(value)</c>
       *
       * <p>
       * Applicable to the following Swagger schema objects:
       * <ul>
       *    <li><a class="doclink" href="https://swagger.io/specification/v2#schemaObject">Schema</a>
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder ap(HttpPartSchema value) {
         return additionalProperties(value);
      }

      private Builder additionalProperties(JsonMap value) {
         if (value != null && ! value.isEmpty())
            additionalProperties = HttpPartSchema.create().apply(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Identifies the part serializer to use for serializing this part.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or {@link HttpPartSerializer.Void}.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder serializer(Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> value) {
         if (isNotVoid(value))
            serializer = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Identifies the part parser to use for parsing this part.
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>Ignored if value is <jk>null</jk> or {@link HttpPartParser.Void}.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder parser(Class<? extends HttpPartParser> value) {
         if (isNotVoid(value))
            parser = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Disables Swagger schema usage validation checking.
       *
       * @param value Specify <jk>true</jk> to prevent {@link ContextRuntimeException} from being thrown if invalid Swagger usage was detected.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder noValidate(Boolean value) {
         if (value != null)
            this.noValidate = value;
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Disables Swagger schema usage validation checking.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <code>noValidate(<jk>true</jk>);</code>.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder noValidate() {
         return noValidate(true);
      }

      private Boolean resolve(String newValue, Boolean oldValue) {
         return Utils.isEmpty(newValue) ? oldValue : Boolean.valueOf(newValue);
      }

      private Boolean resolve(Boolean newValue, Boolean oldValue) {
         return newValue == null ? oldValue : newValue;
      }

      private Long resolve(String newValue, Long oldValue) {
         return Utils.isEmpty(newValue) ? oldValue : Long.parseLong(newValue);
      }

      private Long resolve(Long newValue, Long oldValue) {
         return (newValue == null || newValue == -1) ? oldValue : newValue;
      }

      private Set<String> toSet(String[]...s) {
         return HttpPartSchema.toSet(s);
      }

      private Number toNumber(String...s) {
         return HttpPartSchema.toNumber(s);
      }

      private Long firstNmo(Long...l) {
         for (Long ll : l)
            if (ll != null && ll != -1)
               return ll;
         return null;
      }

      private String joinnlOrNull(String[]...s) {
         for (String[] ss : s)
            if (ss.length > 0)
               return Utils.joinnl(ss);
         return null;
      }
   }

   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Instance
   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   final String name;
   final String _default;
   final Set<String> _enum;
   final Map<String,HttpPartSchema> properties;
   final boolean allowEmptyValue, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, required, uniqueItems, skipIfEmpty;
   final HttpPartCollectionFormat collectionFormat;
   final HttpPartDataType type;
   final HttpPartFormat format;
   final Pattern pattern;
   final HttpPartSchema items, additionalProperties;
   final Number maximum, minimum, multipleOf;
   final Long maxLength, minLength, maxItems, minItems, maxProperties, minProperties;
   final Class<? extends HttpPartParser> parser;
   final Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> serializer;
   final ClassMeta<?> parsedType;

   HttpPartSchema(Builder b) {
      this.name = b.name;
      this._default = b._default;
      this._enum = copy(b._enum);
      this.properties = build(b.properties, b.noValidate);
      this.allowEmptyValue = resolve(b.allowEmptyValue);
      this.exclusiveMaximum = resolve(b.exclusiveMaximum);
      this.exclusiveMinimum = resolve(b.exclusiveMinimum);
      this.required = resolve(b.required);
      this.uniqueItems = resolve(b.uniqueItems);
      this.skipIfEmpty = resolve(b.skipIfEmpty);
      this.collectionFormat = b.collectionFormat;
      this.type = b.type;
      this.format = b.format;
      this.pattern = b.pattern;
      this.items = build(b.items, b.noValidate);
      this.additionalProperties = build(b.additionalProperties, b.noValidate);
      this.maximum = b.maximum;
      this.minimum = b.minimum;
      this.multipleOf = b.multipleOf;
      this.maxItems = b.maxItems;
      this.maxLength = b.maxLength;
      this.maxProperties = b.maxProperties;
      this.minItems = b.minItems;
      this.minLength = b.minLength;
      this.minProperties = b.minProperties;
      this.parser = b.parser;
      this.serializer = b.serializer;

      // Calculate parse type
      Class<?> parsedType = Object.class;
      if (type == ARRAY) {
         if (items != null)
            parsedType = Array.newInstance(items.parsedType.getInnerClass(), 0).getClass();
      } else if (type == BOOLEAN) {
         parsedType = Boolean.class;
      } else if (type == INTEGER) {
         if (format == INT64)
            parsedType = Long.class;
         else
            parsedType = Integer.class;
      } else if (type == NUMBER) {
         if (format == DOUBLE)
            parsedType = Double.class;
         else
            parsedType = Float.class;
      } else if (type == STRING) {
         if (format == BYTE || format == BINARY || format == BINARY_SPACED)
            parsedType = byte[].class;
         else if (format == DATE || format == DATE_TIME)
            parsedType = Calendar.class;
         else
            parsedType = String.class;
      }
      this.parsedType = BeanContext.DEFAULT.getClassMeta(parsedType);

      if (b.noValidate)
         return;

      // Validation.
      List<String> errors = Utils.list();
      ListBuilder<String> notAllowed = listBuilder(String.class);
      boolean invalidFormat = false;
      switch (type) {
         case STRING: {
            notAllowed
               .addIf(properties != null, "properties")
               .addIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties")
               .addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
               .addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
               .addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
               .addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
               .addIf(items != null, "items")
               .addIf(maximum != null, "maximum")
               .addIf(minimum != null, "minimum")
               .addIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf")
               .addIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems")
               .addIf(minItems != null, "minItems")
               .addIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.BYTE, HttpPartFormat.BINARY, HttpPartFormat.BINARY_SPACED, HttpPartFormat.DATE, HttpPartFormat.DATE_TIME, HttpPartFormat.PASSWORD, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT);
            break;
         }
         case ARRAY: {
            notAllowed.addIf(properties != null, "properties")
               .addIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties")
               .addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
               .addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
               .addIf(pattern != null, "pattern")
               .addIf(maximum != null, "maximum")
               .addIf(minimum != null, "minimum")
               .addIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf")
               .addIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength")
               .addIf(minLength != null, "minLength")
               .addIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties")
               .addIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON);
            break;
         }
         case BOOLEAN: {
            notAllowed.addIf(! _enum.isEmpty(), "_enum")
               .addIf(properties != null, "properties")
               .addIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties")
               .addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
               .addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
               .addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
               .addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
               .addIf(pattern != null, "pattern")
               .addIf(items != null, "items")
               .addIf(maximum != null, "maximum")
               .addIf(minimum != null, "minimum")
               .addIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf")
               .addIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems")
               .addIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength")
               .addIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties")
               .addIf(minItems != null, "minItems")
               .addIf(minLength != null, "minLength")
               .addIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON);
            break;
         }
         case FILE: {
            break;
         }
         case INTEGER: {
            notAllowed.addIf(properties != null, "properties")
               .addIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties")
               .addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
               .addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
               .addIf(pattern != null, "pattern")
               .addIf(items != null, "items")
               .addIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems")
               .addIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength")
               .addIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties")
               .addIf(minItems != null, "minItems")
               .addIf(minLength != null, "minLength")
               .addIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.INT32, HttpPartFormat.INT64);
            break;
         }
         case NUMBER: {
            notAllowed.addIf(properties != null, "properties")
               .addIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties")
               .addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
               .addIf(collectionFormat != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat")
               .addIf(pattern != null, "pattern")
               .addIf(items != null, "items")
               .addIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems")
               .addIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength")
               .addIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties")
               .addIf(minItems != null, "minItems")
               .addIf(minLength != null, "minLength")
               .addIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT, HttpPartFormat.UON, HttpPartFormat.FLOAT, HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE);
            break;
         }
         case OBJECT: {
            notAllowed.addIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum")
               .addIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum")
               .addIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems")
               .addIf(pattern != null, "pattern")
               .addIf(items != null, "items")
               .addIf(maximum != null, "maximum")
               .addIf(minimum != null, "minimum")
               .addIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf")
               .addIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems")
               .addIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength")
               .addIf(minItems != null, "minItems")
               .addIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT);
            break;
         }
         default:
            break;
      }

      List<String> notAllowed2 = notAllowed.build();
      if (! notAllowed2.isEmpty())
         errors.add("Attributes not allow for type='"+type+"': " + Utils.join(notAllowed2, ","));
      if (invalidFormat)
         errors.add("Invalid format for type='"+type+"': '"+format+"'");
      if (exclusiveMaximum && maximum == null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMaximum with maximum.");
      if (exclusiveMinimum && minimum == null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMinimum with minimum.");
      if (required && _default != null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify a default value on a required value.");
      if (minLength != null && maxLength != null && maxLength < minLength)
         errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than minLength.");
      if (minimum != null && maximum != null && maximum.doubleValue() < minimum.doubleValue())
         errors.add("maximum cannot be less than minimum.");
      if (minItems != null && maxItems != null && maxItems < minItems)
         errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than minItems.");
      if (minProperties != null && maxProperties != null && maxProperties < minProperties)
         errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than minProperties.");
      if (minLength != null && minLength < 0)
         errors.add("minLength cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxLength != null && maxLength < 0)
         errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than zero.");
      if (minItems != null && minItems < 0)
         errors.add("minItems cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxItems != null && maxItems < 0)
         errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than zero.");
      if (minProperties != null && minProperties < 0)
         errors.add("minProperties cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxProperties != null && maxProperties < 0)
         errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than zero.");
      if (type == ARRAY && items != null && items.getType() == OBJECT && (format != UON && format != HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT))
         errors.add("Cannot define an array of objects unless array format is 'uon'.");

      if (! errors.isEmpty())
         throw new ContextRuntimeException("Schema specification errors: \n\t" + Utils.join(errors, "\n\t"), new Object[0]);
   }

   /**
    * Returns the default parsed type for this schema.
    *
    * @return The default parsed type for this schema.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public ClassMeta<?> getParsedType() {
      return parsedType;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the name of the object described by this schema, for example the query or form parameter name.
    *
    * @return The name, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#name(String)
    */
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>type</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>type</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#type(String)
    */
   public HttpPartDataType getType() {
      return type;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>type</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @param cm
    *    The class meta of the object.
    *    <br>Used to auto-detect the type if the type was not specified.
    * @return The format field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
    */
   public HttpPartDataType getType(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      if (type != HttpPartDataType.NO_TYPE)
         return type;
      if (cm.isTemporal() || cm.isDateOrCalendar())
         return HttpPartDataType.STRING;
      if (cm.isNumber()) {
         if (cm.isDecimal())
            return HttpPartDataType.NUMBER;
         return HttpPartDataType.INTEGER;
      }
      if (cm.isBoolean())
         return HttpPartDataType.BOOLEAN;
      if (cm.isMapOrBean())
         return HttpPartDataType.OBJECT;
      if (cm.isCollectionOrArray())
         return HttpPartDataType.ARRAY;
      return HttpPartDataType.STRING;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>default</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The default value for this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#_default(String)
    */
   public String getDefault() {
      return _default;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>collectionFormat</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>collectionFormat</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#collectionFormat(String)
    */
   public HttpPartCollectionFormat getCollectionFormat() {
      return collectionFormat;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>format</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
    * @return The <c>format</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    */
   public HttpPartFormat getFormat() {
      return format;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>format</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @param cm
    *    The class meta of the object.
    *    <br>Used to auto-detect the format if the format was not specified.
    * @return The <c>format</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#format(String)
    */
   public HttpPartFormat getFormat(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      if (format != HttpPartFormat.NO_FORMAT)
         return format;
      if (cm.isNumber()) {
         if (cm.isDecimal()) {
            if (cm.isDouble())
               return HttpPartFormat.DOUBLE;
            return HttpPartFormat.FLOAT;
         }
         if (cm.isLong())
            return HttpPartFormat.INT64;
         return HttpPartFormat.INT32;
      }
      return format;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>maximum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The schema for child items of the object represented by this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not defined.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#items(HttpPartSchema.Builder)
    */
   public HttpPartSchema getItems() {
      return items;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>maximum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>maximum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maximum(Number)
    */
   public Number getMaximum() {
      return maximum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>minimum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>minimum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minimum(Number)
    */
   public Number getMinimum() {
      return minimum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#multipleOf(Number)
    */
   public Number getMultipleOf() {
      return multipleOf;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#pattern(String)
    */
   public Pattern getPattern() {
      return pattern;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxLength(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxLength() {
      return maxLength;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minLength(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinLength() {
      return minLength;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxItems(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxItems() {
      return maxItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minItems(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinItems() {
      return minItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#maxProperties(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxProperties() {
      return maxProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>xxx</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>xxx</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#minProperties(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinProperties() {
      return minProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>exclusiveMaximum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>exclusiveMaximum</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isExclusiveMaximum() {
      return exclusiveMaximum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>exclusiveMinimum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>exclusiveMinimum</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isExclusiveMinimum() {
      return exclusiveMinimum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>uniqueItems</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>uniqueItems</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#uniqueItems(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isUniqueItems() {
      return uniqueItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>required</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>required</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#required(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isRequired() {
      return required;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isSkipIfEmpty() {
      return skipIfEmpty;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>allowEmptyValue</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>skipIfEmpty</c> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isAllowEmptyValue() {
      return allowEmptyValue;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>enum</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>enum</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#_enum(Set)
    */
   public Set<String> getEnum() {
      return _enum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>parser</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>parser</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#parser(Class)
    */
   public Class<? extends HttpPartParser> getParser() {
      return parser;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <c>serializer</c> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <c>serializer</c> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchema.Builder#serializer(Class)
    */
   public Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> getSerializer() {
      return serializer;
   }

   /**
    * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
    *
    * @param in The input.
    * @return The same object passed in.
    * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
    */
   public String validateInput(String in) throws SchemaValidationException {
      if (! isValidRequired(in))
         throw new SchemaValidationException("No value specified.");
      if (in != null) {
         if (! isValidAllowEmpty(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Empty value not allowed.");
         if (! isValidPattern(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected pattern.  Must match pattern: {0}", pattern.pattern());
         if (! isValidEnum(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match one of the expected values.  Must be one of the following:  {0}", toCdl(_enum));
         if (! isValidMaxLength(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum length of value exceeded.");
         if (! isValidMinLength(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum length of value not met.");
      }
      return in;
   }

   /**
    * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
    *
    * @param <T> The return type.
    * @param o The parsed output.
    * @param bc The bean context used to detect POJO types.
    * @return The same object passed in.
    * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
    */
   public <T> T validateOutput(T o, BeanContext bc) throws SchemaValidationException {
      if (o == null) {
         if (! isValidRequired(o))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Required value not provided.");
         return o;
      }
      ClassMeta<?> cm = bc.getClassMetaForObject(o);
      switch (getType(cm)) {
         case ARRAY: {
            if (cm.isArray()) {
               if (! isValidMinItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
               if (! isValidUniqueItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
               HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
               if (items != null)
                  for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(o); i++)
                     items.validateOutput(Array.get(o, i), bc);
            } else if (cm.isCollection()) {
               Collection<?> c = (Collection<?>)o;
               if (! isValidMinItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
               if (! isValidUniqueItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
               HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
               if (items != null)
                  c.forEach(x -> items.validateOutput(x, bc));
            }
            break;
         }
         case INTEGER: {
            if (cm.isNumber()) {
               Number n = (Number)o;
               if (! isValidMinimum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
               if (! isValidMaximum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
               if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
            }
            break;
         }
         case NUMBER: {
            if (cm.isNumber()) {
               Number n = (Number)o;
               if (! isValidMinimum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
               if (! isValidMaximum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
               if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
            }
            break;
         }
         case OBJECT: {
            if (cm.isMapOrBean()) {
               Map<?,?> m = cm.isMap() ? (Map<?,?>)o : bc.toBeanMap(o);
               if (! isValidMinProperties(m))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of properties not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxProperties(m))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of properties exceeded.");
               m.forEach((k,v) -> {
                  String key = k.toString();
                  HttpPartSchema s2 = getProperty(key);
                  if (s2 != null)
                     s2.validateOutput(v, bc);
               });
            } else if (cm.isBean()) {

            }
            break;
         }
         case BOOLEAN:
         case FILE:
         case STRING:
         case NO_TYPE:
            break;
      }
      return o;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helper methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   private boolean isValidRequired(Object x) {
      return x != null || ! required;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
      return minProperties == null || x.size() >= minProperties;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
      return maxProperties == null || x.size() <= maxProperties;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinimum(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return minimum == null || x.intValue() > minimum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return minimum == null || x.shortValue() > minimum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return minimum == null || x.longValue() > minimum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return minimum == null || x.floatValue() > minimum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == minimum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return minimum == null || x.doubleValue() > minimum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == minimum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaximum(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return maximum == null || x.intValue() < maximum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return maximum == null || x.shortValue() < maximum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return maximum == null || x.longValue() < maximum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return maximum == null || x.floatValue() < maximum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == maximum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return maximum == null || x.doubleValue() < maximum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == maximum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMultipleOf(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return multipleOf == null || x.intValue() % multipleOf.intValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return multipleOf == null || x.shortValue() % multipleOf.shortValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return multipleOf == null || x.longValue() % multipleOf.longValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return multipleOf == null || x.floatValue() % multipleOf.floatValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return multipleOf == null || x.doubleValue() % multipleOf.doubleValue() == 0;
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidAllowEmpty(String x) {
      return allowEmptyValue || Utils.isNotEmpty(x);
   }

   private boolean isValidPattern(String x) {
      return pattern == null || pattern.matcher(x).matches();
   }

   private boolean isValidEnum(String x) {
      return _enum.isEmpty() || _enum.contains(x);
   }

   private boolean isValidMinLength(String x) {
      return minLength == null || x.length() >= minLength;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxLength(String x) {
      return maxLength == null || x.length() <= maxLength;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinItems(Object x) {
      return minItems == null || Array.getLength(x) >= minItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxItems(Object x) {
      return maxItems == null || Array.getLength(x) <= maxItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Object x) {
      if (uniqueItems) {
         Set<Object> s = new HashSet<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(x); i++) {
            Object o = Array.get(x, i);
            if (! s.add(o))
               return false;
         }
      }
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinItems(Collection<?> x) {
      return minItems == null || x.size() >= minItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxItems(Collection<?> x) {
      return maxItems == null || x.size() <= maxItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Collection<?> x) {
      if (uniqueItems && ! (x instanceof Set)) {
         Set<Object> s = new HashSet<>();
         for (Object o : x)
            if (! s.add(o))
               return false;
      }
      return true;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the schema information for the specified property.
    *
    * @param name The property name.
    * @return The schema information for the specified property, or <jk>null</jk> if properties are not defined on this schema.
    */
   public HttpPartSchema getProperty(String name) {
      if (properties != null) {
         HttpPartSchema schema = properties.get(name);
         if (schema != null)
            return schema;
      }
      return additionalProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
    *
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
    */
   public boolean hasProperties() {
      return properties != null || additionalProperties != null;
   }

   private static <T> Set<T> copy(Set<T> in) {
      return in == null ? emptySet() : u(copyOf(in));
   }

   private static Map<String,HttpPartSchema> build(Map<String,Object> in, boolean noValidate) {
      if (in == null)
         return null;
      Map<String,HttpPartSchema> m = map();
      in.forEach((k,v) -> m.put(k, build(v, noValidate)));
      return u(m);
   }

   private static HttpPartSchema build(Object in, boolean noValidate) {
      if (in == null)
         return null;
      if (in instanceof HttpPartSchema)
         return (HttpPartSchema)in;
      return ((Builder)in).noValidate(noValidate).build();
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helper methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   private boolean resolve(Boolean b) {
      return b == null ? false : b;
   }

   final static Set<String> toSet(String[]...s) {
      boolean isNotEmpty = false;
      for (String[] ss : s)
         isNotEmpty |= ss.length > 0;
      if (! isNotEmpty)
         return null;
      Set<String> set = Utils.set();
      for (String[] ss : s)
         if (ss != null)
            for (String ss2 : ss)
               Utils.split(ss2, x -> set.add(x));
      return set.isEmpty() ? null : set;
   }

   final static Set<String> toSet(String s) {
      if (Utils.isEmpty(s))
         return null;
      Set<String> set = Utils.set();
      try {
         JsonList.ofJsonOrCdl(s).forEach(x -> set.add(x.toString()));
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw asRuntimeException(e);
      }
      return set;
   }

   final static Number toNumber(String...s) {
      try {
         for (String ss : s)
            if (Utils.isNotEmpty(ss))
               return parseNumber(ss, Number.class);
         return null;
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw asRuntimeException(e);
      }
   }

   final static JsonMap toJsonMap(String[] ss) {
      String s = Utils.joinnl(ss);
      if (s.isEmpty())
         return null;
      if (! isJsonObject(s, true))
         s = "{" + s + "}";
      try {
         return JsonMap.ofJson(s);
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw asRuntimeException(e);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      try {
         Predicate<Object> ne = x -> Utils.isNotEmpty(Utils.s(x));
         Predicate<Boolean> nf = Utils::isTrue;
         Predicate<Number> nm1 = Utils::isNotMinusOne;
         Predicate<Object> nn = Utils::isNotNull;
         JsonMap m = new JsonMap()
            .appendIf(ne, "name", name)
            .appendIf(ne, "type", type)
            .appendIf(ne, "format", format)
            .appendIf(ne, "default", _default)
            .appendIf(ne, "enum", _enum)
            .appendIf(ne, "properties", properties)
            .appendIf(nf, "allowEmptyValue", allowEmptyValue)
            .appendIf(nf, "exclusiveMaximum", exclusiveMaximum)
            .appendIf(nf, "exclusiveMinimum", exclusiveMinimum)
            .appendIf(nf, "required", required)
            .appendIf(nf, "uniqueItems", uniqueItems)
            .appendIf(nf, "skipIfEmpty", skipIfEmpty)
            .appendIf(x -> x != HttpPartCollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat", collectionFormat)
            .appendIf(ne, "pattern", pattern)
            .appendIf(nn, "items", items)
            .appendIf(nn, "additionalProperties", additionalProperties)
            .appendIf(nm1, "maximum", maximum)
            .appendIf(nm1, "minimum", minimum)
            .appendIf(nm1, "multipleOf", multipleOf)
            .appendIf(nm1, "maxLength", maxLength)
            .appendIf(nm1, "minLength", minLength)
            .appendIf(nm1, "maxItems", maxItems)
            .appendIf(nm1, "minItems", minItems)
            .appendIf(nm1, "maxProperties", maxProperties)
            .appendIf(nm1, "minProperties", minProperties)
            .append("parsedType", parsedType)
         ;
         return m.toString();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         return "";
      }
   }
}