/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.cp;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.Visibility.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.common.utils.*;
import org.apache.juneau.reflect.*;

/**
 * Utility class for creating beans through constructors, creator methods, and builders.
 *
 * <p>
 * Uses a {@link BeanStore} to find available ways to construct beans via injection of beans from the store.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is instantiated through the following method:
 * <ul class='javatree'>
 *    <li class='jc'>{@link BeanStore}
 *       <ul class='javatreec'>
 *          <li class='jm'>{@link BeanStore#createBean(Class)}
 *       </ul>
 *    </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
 * <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jc>// Construct and throw a RuntimeException using a bean store.</jc>
 *    <jk>throw</jk> BeanStore
 *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
 *       .build()
 *       .addBean(Throwable.<jk>class</jk>, <jv>cause</jv>)
 *       .addBean(String.<jk>class</jk>, <jv>msg</jv>)
 *       .addBean(Object[].<jk>class</jk>, <jv>args</jv>)
 *       .createBean(RuntimeException.<jk>class</jk>)
 *       .run();
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Looks for the following methods for creating a bean:
 * <ol class='spaced-list'>
 *    <li>Looks for a singleton no-arg method of the form:
 *       <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jk>public static</jk> MyClass <jsm>getInstance</jsm>();
 *       </p>
 *       <ul>
 *          <li>Deprecated and {@link BeanIgnore @BeanIgnore-annotated} methods are ignored.
 *    </ul>
 *    <li>Looks for a static creator method of the form:
 *       <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jk>public static</jk> MyClass <jsm>create</jsm>(<ja>&lt;args&gt;</ja>);
 *       </p>
 *       <ul>
 *          <li>All arguments except {@link Optional} and {@link List} parameters must have beans available in the store.
 *          <li>If multiple methods are found, the one with the most matching parameters is used.
 *          <li>Deprecated and {@link BeanIgnore @BeanIgnore-annotated} methods are ignored.
 *       </ul>
 *    <li>Looks for a public constructor of the form:
 *       <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jk>public</jk> MyClass(<ja>&lt;args&gt;</ja>);
 *       </p>
 *       <ul>
 *          <li>All arguments except {@link Optional} and {@link List} parameters must have beans available in the store.
 *          <li>If multiple methods are found, the one with the most matching parameters is used.
 *          <li>Deprecated and {@link BeanIgnore @BeanIgnore-annotated} methods are ignored.
 *    </ul>
 *    <li>Looks for a protected constructor of the form:
 *       <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jk>protected</jk> MyClass(<ja>&lt;args&gt;</ja>);
 *       </p>
 *       <ul>
 *          <li>All arguments except {@link Optional} and {@link List} parameters must have beans available in the store.
 *          <li>If multiple methods are found, the one with the most matching parameters is used.
 *          <li>Deprecated and {@link BeanIgnore @BeanIgnore-annotated} methods are ignored.
 *    </ul>
 *    <li>Looks for a static no-arg create method that returns a builder object that can be passed in to a protected constructor.
 *       <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jk>public static</jk> MyClass.Builder <jsm>create</jsm>();
 *
 *    <jk>protected</jk> MyClass(MyClass.Builder <jv>builder</jv>);
 *       </p>
 *       <ul>
 *          <li>Deprecated and {@link BeanIgnore @BeanIgnore-annotated} methods are ignored.
 *    </ul>
 * </ol>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='note'>The {@link #builder(Class,Object)} method can be used to set an existing initialized builder object to pass to a constructor.
 *    <li class='note'>An existing initialized builder can be set using the {@link #builder(Class,Object)} method.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='jc'>{@link BeanStore}
 * </ul>
 *
 * @param <T> The bean type being created.
 */
public class BeanCreator<T> {

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Static
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Shortcut for calling <c>BeanStore.INSTANCE.createBean(beanType)</c>.
    *
    * @param <T> The bean type to create.
    * @param beanType The bean type to create.
    * @return A new creator.
    */
   public static <T> BeanCreator<T> of(Class<T> beanType) {
      return BeanStore.INSTANCE.createBean(beanType);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Instance
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   private final BeanStore store;
   private ClassInfo type;
   private Object builder;
   private T impl;
   private boolean silent;

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param type The bean type being created.
    * @param store The bean store creating this creator.
    */
   protected BeanCreator(Class<T> type, BeanStore store) {
      this.type = ClassInfo.of(type);
      this.store = BeanStore.of(store, store.outer.orElse(null));
   }

   /**
    * Allows you to specify a subclass of the specified bean type to create.
    *
    * @param value The value for this setting.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public BeanCreator<T> type(Class<?> value) {
      type = ClassInfo.of(value);
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Allows you to specify a subclass of the specified bean type to create.
    *
    * @param value The value for this setting.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public BeanCreator<T> type(ClassInfo value) {
      return type(value == null ? null : value.inner());
   }

   /**
    * Allows you to specify a specific instance for the build method to return.
    *
    * @param value The value for this setting.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public BeanCreator<T> impl(T value) {
      impl = value;
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Adds an argument to this creator.
    *
    * @param <T2> The parameter type.
    * @param beanType The parameter type.
    * @param bean The parameter value.
    * @return This object.
    */
   public <T2> BeanCreator<T> arg(Class<T2> beanType, T2 bean) {
      store.add(beanType, bean);
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Suppresses throwing of {@link ExecutableException ExecutableExceptions} from the {@link #run()} method when
    * a form of creation cannot be found.
    *
    * @return This object.
    */
   public BeanCreator<T> silent() {
      silent = true;
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Specifies a builder object for the bean type.
    *
    * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
    *    <li class='note'>When specified, we don't look for a static creator method.
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param <B> The class type of the builder.
    * @param type The class type of the builder.
    * @param value The value for this setting.
    * @return This object.
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public <B> BeanCreator<T> builder(Class<B> type, B value) {
      builder = value;
      Class<?> t = value.getClass();
      do {
         store.add((Class<T>)t, (T)value);
         t = t.getSuperclass();
      } while(t != null && ! t.equals(type));
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Same as {@link #run()} but returns the alternate value if a method of creation could not be found.
    *
    * @param other The other bean to use.
    * @return Either the created or other bean.
    */
   public T orElse(T other) {
      return execute().orElse(other);
   }

   /**
    * Same as {@link #run()} but returns the value wrapped in an {@link Optional}.
    *
    * @return A new bean wrapped in an {@link Optional}.
    */
   public Optional<T> execute() {
      return Utils.opt(silent().run());
   }

   /**
    * Creates the bean.
    *
    * @return A new bean.
    * @throws ExecutableException if bean could not be created and {@link #silent()} was not enabled.
    */
   public T run() {

      if (impl != null)
         return impl;

      if (type == null)
         return null;

      Value<String> found = Value.empty();

      // Look for getInstance(Builder).
      if (builder != null) {
         MethodInfo m = type.getPublicMethod(
            x -> x.isStatic()
            && x.isNotDeprecated()
            && x.hasNumParams(1)
            && x.getParam(0).canAccept(builder)
            && x.hasReturnType(type)
            && x.hasNoAnnotation(BeanIgnore.class)
            && x.hasName("getInstance")
         );
         if (m != null)
            return m.invoke(null, builder);
      }

      // Look for getInstance().
      if (builder == null) {
         MethodInfo m = type.getPublicMethod(
            x -> x.isStatic()
            && x.isNotDeprecated()
            && x.hasNoParams()
            && x.hasReturnType(type)
            && x.hasNoAnnotation(BeanIgnore.class)
            && x.hasName("getInstance")
         );
         if (m != null)
            return m.invoke(null);
      }

      if (builder == null) {
         // Look for static creator methods.

         Match<MethodInfo> match = new Match<>();

         // Look for static creator method.
         type.forEachPublicMethod(x -> isStaticCreateMethod(x), x -> {
            found.set("STATIC_CREATOR");
            if (hasAllParams(x))
               match.add(x);
         });

         if (match.isPresent())
            return match.get().invoke(null, getParams(match.get()));
      }

      if (type.isInterface()) {
         if (silent)
            return null;
         throw new ExecutableException("Could not instantiate class {0}: {1}.", type.getName(), "Class is an interface");
      }

      if (type.isAbstract()) {
         if (silent)
            return null;
         throw new ExecutableException("Could not instantiate class {0}: {1}.", type.getName(), "Class is abstract");
      }

      // Look for public constructor.
      Match<ConstructorInfo> constructorMatch = new Match<>();
      type.forEachPublicConstructor(x -> true, x -> {
         found.setIfEmpty("PUBLIC_CONSTRUCTOR");
         if (hasAllParams(x))
            constructorMatch.add(x);
      });

      // Look for protected constructor.
      if (! constructorMatch.isPresent()) {
         type.forEachDeclaredConstructor(ConstructorInfo::isProtected, x -> {
            found.setIfEmpty("PROTECTED_CONSTRUCTOR");
            if (hasAllParams(x))
               constructorMatch.add(x);
         });
      }

      // Execute.
      if (constructorMatch.isPresent())
         return constructorMatch.get().invoke(getParams(constructorMatch.get()));

      if (builder == null) {
         // Look for static-builder/protected-constructor pair.
         Value<T> value = Value.empty();
         type.forEachDeclaredConstructor(x -> x.hasNumParams(1) && x.isVisible(PROTECTED), x -> {
            Class<?> pt = x.getParam(0).getParameterType().inner();
            MethodInfo m = type.getPublicMethod(y -> isStaticCreateMethod(y, pt));
            if (m != null) {
               Object builder = m.invoke(null);
               value.set(x.accessible().invoke(builder));
            }
         });
         if (value.isPresent())
            return value.get();
      }

      if (silent)
         return null;

      String msg = null;
      if (found.isEmpty()) {
         msg = "No public/protected constructors found";
      } else if (found.get().equals("STATIC_CREATOR")) {
         msg = "Static creator found but could not find prerequisites: " + type.getPublicMethods().stream().filter(x -> isStaticCreateMethod(x)).map(x -> getMissingParams(x)).sorted().collect(joining(" or "));
      } else if (found.get().equals("PUBLIC_CONSTRUCTOR")) {
         msg = "Public constructor found but could not find prerequisites: " + type.getPublicConstructors().stream().map(x -> getMissingParams(x)).sorted().collect(joining(" or "));
      } else {
         msg = "Protected constructor found but could not find prerequisites: " + type.getDeclaredConstructors().stream().filter(ConstructorInfo::isProtected).map(x -> getMissingParams(x)).sorted().collect(joining(" or "));
      }
      throw new ExecutableException("Could not instantiate class {0}: {1}.", type.getName(), msg);
   }

   /**
    * Converts this creator into a supplier.
    *
    * @return A supplier that returns the results of the {@link #run()} method.
    */
   public Supplier<T> supplier() {
      return ()->run();
   }

   private boolean isStaticCreateMethod(MethodInfo m) {
      return isStaticCreateMethod(m, type.inner());
   }

   private boolean isStaticCreateMethod(MethodInfo m, Class<?> type) {
      return m.isStatic()
         && m.isNotDeprecated()
         && m.hasReturnType(type)
         && m.hasNoAnnotation(BeanIgnore.class)
         && (m.hasName("create") || m.hasName("builder"));
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helpers
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   static class Match<T extends ExecutableInfo> {
      T executable = null;
      int numMatches = -1;

      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      void add(T ei) {
         if (ei.getParamCount() > numMatches) {
            numMatches = ei.getParamCount();
            executable = (T)ei.accessible();
         }
      }

      boolean isPresent() {
         return executable != null;
      }

      T get() {
         return executable;
      }
   }

   private boolean hasAllParams(ExecutableInfo ei) {
      return store.hasAllParams(ei);
   }

   private Object[] getParams(ExecutableInfo ei) {
      return store.getParams(ei);
   }

   private String getMissingParams(ExecutableInfo ei) {
      return store.getMissingParams(ei);
   }
}