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// *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
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package org.apache.juneau.microservice;

import static org.apache.juneau.internal.FileUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.IOUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.StringUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ObjectUtils.*;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.jar.*;
import java.util.logging.*;
import java.util.logging.Formatter;

import org.apache.juneau.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.config.*;
import org.apache.juneau.config.event.*;
import org.apache.juneau.config.store.*;
import org.apache.juneau.config.vars.*;
import org.apache.juneau.internal.*;
import org.apache.juneau.microservice.console.*;
import org.apache.juneau.microservice.resources.*;
import org.apache.juneau.parser.ParseException;
import org.apache.juneau.svl.*;
import org.apache.juneau.svl.vars.ManifestFileVar;
import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;
import org.apache.juneau.cp.Messages;

/**
 * Parent class for all microservices.
 *
 * <p>
 * A microservice defines a simple API for starting and stopping simple Java services contained in executable jars.
 *
 * <p>
 * The general command for creating and starting a microservice from a main method is as follows:
 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 *    <jk>public static void</jk> main(String[] args) {
 *       Microservice.<jsm>create</jsm>().args(args).build().start().join();
 *  }
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Your microservice class must be specified as the <jk>Main-Class</jk> entry in the manifest file of your microservice
 * jar file if it's an executable jar.
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Microservice Configuration</h5>
 *
 * This class defines the following method for accessing configuration for your microservice:
 * <ul class='spaced-list'>
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #getArgs()} - The command-line arguments passed to the jar file.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #getConfig()} - An external INI-style configuration file.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #getManifest()} - The manifest file for the main jar file.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Lifecycle Methods</h5>
 *
 * Subclasses must implement the following lifecycle methods:
 * <ul class='spaced-list'>
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #init()} - Gets executed immediately following construction.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #start()} - Gets executed during startup.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #stop()} - Gets executed when 'exit' is typed in the console or an external shutdown signal is received.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link #kill()} - Can be used to forcibly shut down the service.  Doesn't get called during normal operation.
 * </ul>
 */
public class Microservice implements ConfigEventListener {

   private static volatile Microservice INSTANCE;

   private static void setInstance(Microservice m) {
      synchronized(Microservice.class) {
         INSTANCE = m;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns the Microservice instance.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method only works if there's only one Microservice instance in a JVM.
    * Otherwise, it's just overwritten by the last instantiated microservice.
    *
    * @return The Microservice instance, or <jk>null</jk> if there isn't one.
    */
   public static Microservice getInstance() {
      synchronized(Microservice.class) {
         return INSTANCE;
      }
   }


   final Messages messages = Messages.of(Microservice.class);

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Properties set in constructor
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   private final MicroserviceBuilder builder;
   private final Args args;
   private final Config config;
   private final ManifestFile manifest;
   private final VarResolver varResolver;
   private final MicroserviceListener listener;
   private final Map<String,ConsoleCommand> consoleCommandMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
   private final boolean consoleEnabled;
   private final Scanner consoleReader;
   private final PrintWriter consoleWriter;
   private final Thread consoleThread;
   final File workingDir;
   private final String configName;

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Properties set in init()
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   private volatile Logger logger;

   /**
    * Creates a new microservice builder.
    *
    * @return A new microservice builder.
    */
   public static MicroserviceBuilder create() {
      return new MicroserviceBuilder();
   }

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param builder The builder containing the settings for this microservice.
    * @throws IOException Problem occurred reading file.
    * @throws ParseException Malformed input encountered.
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("resource")
   protected Microservice(MicroserviceBuilder builder) throws IOException, ParseException {
      setInstance(this);
      this.builder = builder.copy();
      this.workingDir = builder.workingDir;
      this.configName = builder.configName;

      this.args = builder.args != null ? builder.args : new Args(new String[0]);

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Try to get the manifest file if it wasn't already set.
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      ManifestFile manifest = builder.manifest;
      if (manifest == null) {
         Manifest m = new Manifest();

         // If running within an eclipse workspace, need to get it from the file system.
         File f = resolveFile("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF");
         if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f)) {
               m.read(fis);
            } catch (IOException e) {
               throw new IOException("Problem detected in MANIFEST.MF.  Contents below:\n " + read(f), e);
            }
         } else {
            // Otherwise, read from manifest file in the jar file containing the main class.
            URL url = getClass().getResource("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF");
            if (url != null) {
               try {
                  m.read(url.openStream());
               } catch (IOException e) {
                  throw new IOException("Problem detected in MANIFEST.MF.  Contents below:\n " + read(url.openStream()), e);
               }
            }
         }
         manifest = new ManifestFile(m);
      }
      ManifestFileVar.init(manifest);
      this.manifest = manifest;

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Try to resolve the configuration if not specified.
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Config config = builder.config;
      ConfigBuilder configBuilder = builder.configBuilder.varResolver(builder.varResolverBuilder.build()).store(ConfigMemoryStore.DEFAULT);
      if (config == null) {
         ConfigStore store = builder.configStore;
         ConfigFileStore cfs = workingDir == null ? ConfigFileStore.DEFAULT : ConfigFileStore.create().directory(workingDir).build();
         for (String name : getCandidateConfigNames()) {
             if (store != null) {
                if (store.exists(name)) {
                   configBuilder.store(store).name(name);
                   break;
                }
             } else {
                if (cfs.exists(name)) {
                   configBuilder.store(cfs).name(name);
                   break;
                }
                if (ConfigClasspathStore.DEFAULT.exists(name)) {
                   configBuilder.store(ConfigClasspathStore.DEFAULT).name(name);
                   break;
                }
             }
         }
         config = configBuilder.build();
      }
      this.config = config;
      Config.setSystemDefault(this.config);
      this.config.addListener(this);

      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Var resolver.
      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      VarResolverBuilder varResolverBuilder = builder.varResolverBuilder;
      this.varResolver = varResolverBuilder.contextObject(ConfigVar.SESSION_config, config).build();

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Initialize console commands.
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      this.consoleEnabled = ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(builder.consoleEnabled, config.getBoolean("Console/enabled", false));
      if (consoleEnabled) {
         Console c = System.console();
         this.consoleReader = ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(builder.consoleReader, new Scanner(c == null ? new InputStreamReader(System.in) : c.reader()));
         this.consoleWriter = ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(builder.consoleWriter, c == null ? new PrintWriter(System.out, true) : c.writer());

         for (ConsoleCommand cc : builder.consoleCommands) {
            consoleCommandMap.put(cc.getName(), cc);
         }
         for (String s : config.getStringArray("Console/commands")) {
            ConsoleCommand cc;
            try {
               cc = (ConsoleCommand)Class.forName(s).newInstance();
               consoleCommandMap.put(cc.getName(), cc);
            } catch (Exception e) {
               getConsoleWriter().println("Could not create console command '"+s+"', " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
            }
         }
         consoleThread = new Thread("ConsoleThread") {
            @Override /* Thread */
            public void run() {
               Scanner in = getConsoleReader();
               PrintWriter out = getConsoleWriter();

               out.println(messages.getString("ListOfAvailableCommands"));
               for (ConsoleCommand cc : new TreeMap<>(getConsoleCommands()).values())
                  out.append("\t").append(cc.getName()).append(" -- ").append(cc.getInfo()).println();
               out.println();

               while (true) {
                  String line = null;
                  out.append("> ").flush();
                  line = in.nextLine();
                  Args args = new Args(line);
                  if (! args.isEmpty())
                     executeCommand(args, in, out);
               }
            }
         };
         consoleThread.setDaemon(true);
      } else {
         this.consoleReader = null;
         this.consoleWriter = null;
         this.consoleThread = null;
      }

      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Other.
      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      this.listener = builder.listener != null ? builder.listener : new BasicMicroserviceListener();

      init();
   }

   private List<String> getCandidateConfigNames() {
      if (configName != null)
         return Collections.singletonList(configName);

      Args args = getArgs();
      if (getArgs().hasArg("configFile"))
         return Collections.singletonList(args.getArg("configFile"));

      ManifestFile manifest = getManifest();
      if (manifest.containsKey("Main-Config"))
         return Collections.singletonList(manifest.getString("Main-Config"));

      return Config.getCandidateSystemDefaultConfigNames();
   }

   /**
    * Resolves the specified path.
    *
    * <p>
    * If the working directory has been explicitly specified, relative paths are resolved relative to that.
    *
    * @param path The path to resolve.
    * @return The resolved path.
    */
   protected File resolveFile(String path) {
      if (Paths.get(path).isAbsolute())
         return new File(path);
      if (workingDir != null)
         return new File(workingDir, path);
      return new File(path);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Abstract lifecycle methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Initializes this microservice.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method can be called whenever the microservice is not started.
    *
    * <p>
    * It will initialize (or reinitialize) the console commands, system properties, and logger.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws ParseException Malformed input encountered.
    * @throws IOException Couldn't read a file.
    */
   public synchronized Microservice init() throws IOException, ParseException {

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Set system properties.
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Set<String> spKeys = config.getKeys("SystemProperties");
      if (spKeys != null)
         for (String key : spKeys)
            System.setProperty(key, config.getString("SystemProperties/"+key));

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Initialize logging.
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      this.logger = builder.logger;
      LogConfig logConfig = builder.logConfig != null ? builder.logConfig : new LogConfig();
      if (this.logger == null) {
         LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
         this.logger = Logger.getLogger("");
         String logFile = firstNonNull(logConfig.logFile, config.getString("Logging/logFile"));

         if (isNotEmpty(logFile)) {
            String logDir = firstNonNull(logConfig.logDir, config.getString("Logging/logDir", "."));
            File logDirFile = resolveFile(logDir);
            mkdirs(logDirFile, false);
            logDir = logDirFile.getAbsolutePath();
            System.setProperty("juneau.logDir", logDir);

            boolean append = firstNonNull(logConfig.append, config.getBoolean("Logging/append"));
            int limit = firstNonNull(logConfig.limit, config.getInt("Logging/limit", 1024*1024));
            int count = firstNonNull(logConfig.count, config.getInt("Logging/count", 1));

            FileHandler fh = new FileHandler(logDir + '/' + logFile, limit, count, append);

            Formatter f = logConfig.formatter;
            if (f == null) {
               String format = config.getString("Logging/format", "[{date} {level}] {msg}%n");
               String dateFormat = config.getString("Logging/dateFormat", "yyyy.MM.dd hh:mm:ss");
               boolean useStackTraceHashes = config.getBoolean("Logging/useStackTraceHashes");
               f = new LogEntryFormatter(format, dateFormat, useStackTraceHashes);
            }
            fh.setFormatter(f);
            fh.setLevel(firstNonNull(logConfig.fileLevel, config.getObjectWithDefault("Logging/fileLevel", Level.INFO, Level.class)));
            logger.addHandler(fh);

            ConsoleHandler ch = new ConsoleHandler();
            ch.setLevel(firstNonNull(logConfig.consoleLevel, config.getObjectWithDefault("Logging/consoleLevel", Level.WARNING, Level.class)));
            ch.setFormatter(f);
            logger.addHandler(ch);
         }
      }

      OMap loggerLevels = config.getObject("Logging/levels", OMap.class);
      if (loggerLevels != null)
         for (String l : loggerLevels.keySet())
            Logger.getLogger(l).setLevel(loggerLevels.get(l, Level.class));
      for (String l : logConfig.levels.keySet())
         Logger.getLogger(l).setLevel(logConfig.levels.get(l));

      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Start this application.
    *
    * <p>
    * Overridden methods MUST call this method FIRST so that the {@link MicroserviceListener#onStart(Microservice)} method is called.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws Exception Error occurred.
    */
   public synchronized Microservice start() throws Exception {

      if (config.getName() == null)
         err(messages, "RunningClassWithoutConfig", getClass().getSimpleName());
      else
         out(messages, "RunningClassWithConfig", getClass().getSimpleName(), config.getName());

      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(
         new Thread("ShutdownHookThread") {
            @Override /* Thread */
            public void run() {
               try {
                  Microservice.this.stop();
                  Microservice.this.stopConsole();
               } catch (Exception e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
               }
            }
         }
      );

      listener.onStart(this);

      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Starts the console thread for this microservice.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws Exception Error occurred
    */
   public synchronized Microservice startConsole() throws Exception {
      if (consoleThread != null && ! consoleThread.isAlive())
         consoleThread.start();
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Stops the console thread for this microservice.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws Exception Error occurred
    */
   public synchronized Microservice stopConsole() throws Exception {
      if (consoleThread != null && consoleThread.isAlive())
         consoleThread.interrupt();
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the command-line arguments passed into the application.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method can be called from the class constructor.
    *
    * <p>
    * See {@link Args} for details on using this method.
    *
    * @return The command-line arguments passed into the application.
    */
   public Args getArgs() {
      return args;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the external INI-style configuration file that can be used to configure your microservice.
    *
    * <p>
    * The config location is determined in the following order:
    * <ol class='spaced-list'>
    *    <li>
    *       The first argument passed to the microservice jar.
    *    <li>
    *       The <c>Main-Config</c> entry in the microservice jar manifest file.
    *    <li>
    *       The name of the microservice jar with a <js>".cfg"</js> suffix (e.g.
    *       <js>"mymicroservice.jar"</js>-&gt;<js>"mymicroservice.cfg"</js>).
    * </ol>
    *
    * <p>
    * If all methods for locating the config fail, then this method returns an empty config.
    *
    * <p>
    * Subclasses can set their own config file by using the following methods:
    * <ul class='javatree'>
    *    <li class='jm'>{@link MicroserviceBuilder#configStore(ConfigStore)}
    *    <li class='jm'>{@link MicroserviceBuilder#configName(String)}
    * </ul>
    *
    * <p>
    * String variables are automatically resolved using the variable resolver returned by {@link #getVarResolver()}.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method can be called from the class constructor.
    *
    * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
    * <p class='bcode w800'>
    *    <cc>#--------------------------</cc>
    *    <cc># My section</cc>
    *    <cc>#--------------------------</cc>
    *    <cs>[MySection]</cs>
    *
    *    <cc># An integer</cc>
    *    <ck>anInt</ck> = 1
    *
    *    <cc># A boolean</cc>
    *    <ck>aBoolean</ck> = true
    *
    *    <cc># An int array</cc>
    *    <ck>anIntArray</ck> = 1,2,3
    *
    *    <cc># A POJO that can be converted from a String</cc>
    *    <ck>aURL</ck> = http://foo
    *
    *    <cc># A POJO that can be converted from JSON</cc>
    *    <ck>aBean</ck> = {foo:'bar',baz:123}
    *
    *    <cc># A system property</cc>
    *    <ck>locale</ck> = $S{java.locale, en_US}
    *
    *    <cc># An environment variable</cc>
    *    <ck>path</ck> = $E{PATH, unknown}
    *
    *    <cc># A manifest file entry</cc>
    *    <ck>mainClass</ck> = $MF{Main-Class}
    *
    *    <cc># Another value in this config file</cc>
    *    <ck>sameAsAnInt</ck> = $C{MySection/anInt}
    *
    *    <cc># A command-line argument in the form "myarg=foo"</cc>
    *    <ck>myArg</ck> = $A{myarg}
    *
    *    <cc># The first command-line argument</cc>
    *    <ck>firstArg</ck> = $A{0}
    *
    *    <cc># Look for system property, or env var if that doesn't exist, or command-line arg if that doesn't exist.</cc>
    *    <ck>nested</ck> = $S{mySystemProperty,$E{MY_ENV_VAR,$A{0}}}
    *
    *    <cc># A POJO with embedded variables</cc>
    *    <ck>aBean2</ck> = {foo:'$A{0}',baz:$C{MySection/anInt}}
    * </p>
    *
    * <p class='bcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Java code for accessing config entries above.</jc>
    *    Config cf = getConfig();
    *
    *    <jk>int</jk> anInt = cf.getInt(<js>"MySection/anInt"</js>);
    *    <jk>boolean</jk> aBoolean = cf.getBoolean(<js>"MySection/aBoolean"</js>);
    *    <jk>int</jk>[] anIntArray = cf.getObject(<jk>int</jk>[].<jk>class</jk>, <js>"MySection/anIntArray"</js>);
    *    URL aURL = cf.getObject(URL.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"MySection/aURL"</js>);
    *    MyBean aBean = cf.getObject(MyBean.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"MySection/aBean"</js>);
    *    Locale locale = cf.getObject(Locale.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"MySection/locale"</js>);
    *    String path = cf.getString(<js>"MySection/path"</js>);
    *    String mainClass = cf.getString(<js>"MySection/mainClass"</js>);
    *    <jk>int</jk> sameAsAnInt = cf.getInt(<js>"MySection/sameAsAnInt"</js>);
    *    String myArg = cf.getString(<js>"MySection/myArg"</js>);
    *    String firstArg = cf.getString(<js>"MySection/firstArg"</js>);
    * </p>
    *
    * @return The config file for this application, or <jk>null</jk> if no config file is configured.
    */
   public Config getConfig() {
      return config;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the main jar manifest file contents as a simple {@link OMap}.
    *
    * <p>
    * This map consists of the contents of {@link Manifest#getMainAttributes()} with the keys and entries converted to
    * simple strings.
    * <p>
    * This method can be called from the class constructor.
    *
    * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
    * <p class='bcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Get Main-Class from manifest file.</jc>
    *    String mainClass = Microservice.<jsm>getManifest</jsm>().getString(<js>"Main-Class"</js>, <js>"unknown"</js>);
    *
    *    <jc>// Get Rest-Resources from manifest file.</jc>
    *    String[] restResources = Microservice.<jsm>getManifest</jsm>().getStringArray(<js>"Rest-Resources"</js>);
    * </p>
    *
    * @return The manifest file from the main jar, or <jk>null</jk> if the manifest file could not be retrieved.
    */
   public ManifestFile getManifest() {
      return manifest;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the variable resolver for resolving variables in strings and files.
    *
    * <p>
    * Variables can be controlled by the following methods:
    * <ul class='javatree'>
    *    <li class='jm'>{@link MicroserviceBuilder#vars(Class...)}
    *    <li class='jm'>{@link MicroserviceBuilder#varContext(String, Object)}
    * </ul>
    *
    * @return The VarResolver used by this Microservice, or <jk>null</jk> if it was never created.
    */
   public VarResolver getVarResolver() {
      return varResolver;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the logger for this microservice.
    *
    * @return The logger for this microservice.
    */
   public Logger getLogger() {
      return logger;
   }

   /**
    * Executes a console command.
    *
    * @param args
    *    The command arguments.
    *    <br>The first entry in the arguments is always the command name.
    * @param in Console input.
    * @param out Console output.
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if the command returned <jk>true</jk> meaning the console thread should exit.
    */
   public boolean executeCommand(Args args, Scanner in, PrintWriter out) {
      ConsoleCommand cc = consoleCommandMap.get(args.getArg(0));
      if (cc == null) {
         out.println(messages.getString("UnknownCommand"));
      } else {
         try {
            return cc.execute(in, out, args);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(out);
         }
      }
      return false;
   }

   /**
    * Convenience method for executing a console command directly.
    *
    * <p>
    * Allows you to execute a console command outside the console by simulating input and output.
    *
    * @param command The command name to execute.
    * @param input Optional input to the command.  Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @param args Optional command arguments to pass to the command.
    * @return The command output.
    */
   public String executeCommand(String command, String input, Object...args) {
      StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
      List<String> l = new ArrayList<>();
      l.add(command);
      for (Object a : args)
         l.add(stringify(a));
      Args args2 = new Args(l.toArray(new String[l.size()]));
      try (Scanner in = new Scanner(input); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(sw)) {
         executeCommand(args2, in, out);
      }
      return sw.toString();
   }

   /**
    * Joins the application with the current thread.
    *
    * <p>
    * Default implementation is a no-op.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws Exception Error occurred
    */
   public Microservice join() throws Exception {
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Stop this application.
    *
    * <p>
    * Overridden methods MUST call this method LAST so that the {@link MicroserviceListener#onStop(Microservice)} method is called.
    *
    * @return This object (for method chaining).
    * @throws Exception Error occurred
    */
   public Microservice stop() throws Exception {
      listener.onStop(this);
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Stops the console (if it's started) and calls {@link System#exit(int)}.
    *
    * @throws Exception Error occurred
    */
   public void exit() throws Exception {
      try {
         stopConsole();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.exit(0);
   }

   /**
    * Kill the JVM by calling <c>System.exit(2);</c>.
    */
   public void kill() {
      // This triggers the shutdown hook.
      System.exit(2);
   }


   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Other methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /**
    * Returns the console commands associated with this microservice.
    *
    * @return The console commands associated with this microservice as an unmodifiable map.
    */
   public final Map<String,ConsoleCommand> getConsoleCommands() {
      return consoleCommandMap;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the console reader.
    *
    * <p>
    * Subclasses can override this method to provide their own console input.
    *
    * @return The console reader.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   protected Scanner getConsoleReader() {
      return consoleReader;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the console writer.
    *
    * <p>
    * Subclasses can override this method to provide their own console output.
    *
    * @return The console writer.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   protected PrintWriter getConsoleWriter() {
      return consoleWriter;
   }

   /**
    * Prints a localized message to the console writer.
    *
    * <p>
    * Ignored if <js>"Console/enabled"</js> is <jk>false</jk>.
    *
    * @param mb The message bundle containing the message.
    * @param messageKey The message key.
    * @param args Optional {@link MessageFormat}-style arguments.
    */
   public void out(Messages mb, String messageKey, Object...args) {
      String msg = mb.getString(messageKey, args);
      if (consoleEnabled)
         getConsoleWriter().println(msg);
      log(Level.INFO, msg);
   }

   /**
    * Prints a localized message to STDERR.
    *
    * <p>
    * Ignored if <js>"Console/enabled"</js> is <jk>false</jk>.
    *
    * @param mb The message bundle containing the message.
    * @param messageKey The message key.
    * @param args Optional {@link MessageFormat}-style arguments.
    */
   public void err(Messages mb, String messageKey, Object...args) {
      String msg = mb.getString(messageKey, args);
      if (consoleEnabled)
         System.err.println(mb.getString(messageKey, args));  // NOT DEBUG
      log(Level.SEVERE, msg);
   }

   /**
    * Logs a message to the log file.
    *
    * @param level The log level.
    * @param message The message text.
    * @param args Optional {@link MessageFormat}-style arguments.
    */
   protected void log(Level level, String message, Object...args) {
      String msg = args.length == 0 ? message : MessageFormat.format(message, args);
      getLogger().log(level, msg);
   }

   @Override /* ConfigChangeListener */
   public void onConfigChange(ConfigEvents events) {
      listener.onConfigChange(this, events);
   }
}