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package org.apache.juneau.http.header;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.*;

import org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.*;

/**
 * Represents a parsed <l>If-Modified-Since</l> HTTP request header.
 *
 * <p>
 * Allows a 304 Not Modified to be returned if content is unchanged.
 *
 * <h5 class='figure'>Example</h5>
 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 *    If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
 * </p>
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>RFC2616 Specification</h5>
 *
 * The If-Modified-Since request-header field is used with a method to make it conditional:
 * if the requested variant has not been modified since the time specified in this field, an entity will not be returned
 * from the server; instead, a 304 (not modified) response will be returned without any message-body.
 *
 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 *    If-Modified-Since = "If-Modified-Since" ":" HTTP-date
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * An example of the field is:
 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 *    If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * A GET method with an If-Modified-Since header and no Range header requests that the identified entity be transferred
 * only if it has been modified since the date given by the If-Modified-Since header.
 * The algorithm for determining this includes the following cases:
 * <ol>
 *    <li>If the request would normally result in anything other than a 200 (OK) status, or if the passed
 *       If-Modified-Since date is invalid, the response is exactly the same as for a normal GET.
 *       A date which is later than the server's current time is invalid.
 *    <li>If the variant has been modified since the If-Modified-Since date, the response is exactly the same as for a
 *       normal GET.
 *    <li>If the variant has not been modified since a valid If-Modified-Since date, the server SHOULD return a 304
 *       (Not Modified) response.
 * </ol>
 *
 * <p>
 * The purpose of this feature is to allow efficient updates of cached information with a minimum amount of transaction
 * overhead.
 *
 * <p>
 * Note: The Range request-header field modifies the meaning of If-Modified-Since; see section 14.35 for full details.
 *
 * <p>
 * Note: If-Modified-Since times are interpreted by the server, whose clock might not be synchronized with the client.
 *
 * <p>
 * Note: When handling an If-Modified-Since header field, some servers will use an exact date comparison function,
 * rather than a less-than function, for deciding whether to send a 304 (Not Modified) response.
 * To get best results when sending an If-Modified-Since header field for cache validation, clients are
 * advised to use the exact date string received in a previous Last-Modified header field whenever possible.
 *
 * <p>
 * Note: If a client uses an arbitrary date in the If-Modified-Since header instead of a date taken from the
 * Last-Modified header for the same request, the client should be aware of the fact that this date is interpreted in
 * the server's understanding of time.
 * The client should consider unsynchronized clocks and rounding problems due to the different encodings of time between
 * the client and server.
 * This includes the possibility of race conditions if the document has changed between the time it was first requested
 * and the If-Modified-Since date of a subsequent request, and the possibility of clock-skew-related problems if the
 * If-Modified-Since date is derived from the client's clock without correction to the server's clock.
 * Corrections for different time bases between client and server are at best approximate due to network latency.
 * The result of a request having both an If-Modified-Since header field and either an If-Match or an
 * If-Unmodified-Since header fields is undefined by this specification.
 *
 * <ul class='seealso'>
 *    <li class='extlink'>{@doc ExtRFC2616}
 * </ul>
 */
@Header("If-Modified-Since")
public class IfModifiedSince extends BasicDateHeader {

   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

   /**
    * Convenience creator.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be any of the following:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li><c>String</c> - An RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *       <li>{@link ZonedDateTime}
    *       <li>{@link Calendar}
    *       <li>Anything else - Converted to <c>String</c>.
    *    </ul>
    * @return A new {@link IfModifiedSince} object, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was null.
    */
   public static IfModifiedSince of(Object value) {
      if (value == null)
         return null;
      return new IfModifiedSince(value);
   }

   /**
    * Convenience creator using supplier.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link #getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value supplier.
    *    <br>Can be any of the following:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li><c>String</c> - An RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *       <li>{@link ZonedDateTime}
    *       <li>{@link Calendar}
    *       <li>Anything else - Converted to <c>String</c>.
    *    </ul>
    * @return A new {@link IfModifiedSince} object, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was null.
    */
   public static IfModifiedSince of(Supplier<?> value) {
      if (value == null)
         return null;
      return new IfModifiedSince(value);
   }

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be any of the following:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li><c>String</c> - An RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *       <li>{@link ZonedDateTime}
    *       <li>{@link Calendar}
    *       <li>Anything else - Converted to <c>String</c>.
    *       <li>A {@link Supplier} of anything on this list.
    *    </ul>
    */
   public IfModifiedSince(Object value) {
      super("If-Modified-Since", value);
   }

   /**
    * Constructor
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    */
   public IfModifiedSince(String value) {
      this((Object)value);
   }
}