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package org.apache.juneau.annotation;

import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.*;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;

/**
 * Maps constructor arguments to property names on beans with read-only properties.
 *
 * <p>
 * This annotation can be used in the case of beans with properties whose values can only be set by passing them in
 * through a constructor on the class.
 * <br>Since method parameter names are lost during compilation, this annotation essentially redefines them so that they
 * are available at runtime.
 *
 * <p>
 * This annotation can only be applied to constructors and can only be applied to one constructor per class.
 *
 * <p>
 * When present, bean instantiation is delayed until the call to {@link BeanMap#getBean()}.
 * Until then, bean property values are stored in a local cache until <c>getBean()</c> is called.
 * Because of this additional caching step, parsing into read-only beans tends to be slower and use more memory than
 * parsing into beans with writable properties.
 *
 * <p>
 * Attempting to call {@link BeanMap#put(String,Object)} on a read-only property after calling {@link BeanMap#getBean()}
 * will result in a {@link BeanRuntimeException} being thrown.
 * Multiple calls to {@link BeanMap#getBean()} will return the same bean instance.
 *
 * <ul class='seealso'>
 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-marshall.Transforms.BeancAnnotation}
 * </ul>
 */
@Documented
@Target(CONSTRUCTOR)
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Inherited
public @interface Beanc {

   /**
    * Dynamically apply this annotation to the specified constructors.
    *
    * <p>
    * Used in conjunction with the {@link BeanConfig#applyBeanc()}.
    * It is ignored when the annotation is applied directly to constructors.
    *
    * <p>
    * The following example shows this annotation in use:
    * <p class='bpcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Our read-only bean.</jc>
    *    <jk>public class</jk> Person {
    *       <jk>private final</jk> String <jf>name</jf>;
    *       <jk>private final int</jk> <jf>age</jf>;
    *
    *       <jk>public</jk> Person(String name, <jk>int</jk> age) {
    *          <jk>this</jk>.<jf>name</jf> = name;
    *          <jk>this</jk>.<jf>age</jf> = age;
    *       }
    *
    *       <jc>// Read only properties.</jc>
    *       <jc>// Getters, but no setters.</jc>
    *
    *       <jk>public</jk> String getName() {
    *          <jk>return</jk> <jf>name</jf>;
    *       }
    *
    *       <jk>public int</jk> getAge() {
    *          <jk>return</jk> <jf>age</jf>;
    *       }
    *    }
    *
    *    <ja>@BeanConfig</ja>(applyBeanc=<ja>@Beanc</ja>(on="Person(String,int)", properties=<js>"name,age"</js>))
    *    public static class X {}
    * </p>
    * <p class='bpcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Parsing into a read-only bean.</jc>
    *    String json = <js>"{name:'John Smith',age:45}"</js>;
    *    Person p = JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.builder().applyAnnotations(X.<jk>class</jk>).build().parse(json);
    *    String name = p.getName();  <jc>// "John Smith"</jc>
    *    <jk>int</jk> age = p.getAge();   <jc>// 45</jc>
    * </p>
    *
    * <h5 class='section'>Valid patterns:</h5>
    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
    *    <li>Constructors:
    *       <ul>
    *          <li>Fully qualified with args:
    *             <ul>
    *                <li><js>"com.foo.MyClass(String,int)"</js>
    *                <li><js>"com.foo.MyClass(java.lang.String,int)"</js>
    *                <li><js>"com.foo.MyClass()"</js>
    *             </ul>
    *          <li>Simple with args:
    *             <ul>
    *                <li><js>"MyClass(String,int)"</js>
    *                <li><js>"MyClass(java.lang.String,int)"</js>
    *                <li><js>"MyClass()"</js>
    *             </ul>
    *          <li>Simple inner class:
    *             <ul>
    *                <li><js>"MyClass$Inner1$Inner2()"</js>
    *                <li><js>"Inner1$Inner2()"</js>
    *                <li><js>"Inner2()"</js>
    *             </ul>
    *       </ul>
    *    <li>A comma-delimited list of anything on this list.
    * </ul>
    *
    * <ul class='seealso'>
    *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-marshall.DynamicallyAppliedAnnotations}
    * </ul>
    */
   String on() default "";

   /**
    * The names of the properties of the constructor arguments.
    *
    * <p>
    * The {@link org.apache.juneau.annotation.Beanc @Beanc} annotation is used to map constructor arguments to property
    * names on bean with read-only properties.
    * <br>Since method parameter names are lost during compilation, this annotation essentially redefines them so that
    * they are available at runtime.
    *
    * <p>
    * The definition of a read-only bean is a bean with properties with only getters, like shown below:
    * <p class='bpcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Our read-only bean.</jc>
    *    <jk>public class</jk> Person {
    *       <jk>private final</jk> String <jf>name</jf>;
    *       <jk>private final int</jk> <jf>age</jf>;
    *
    *       <ja>@Beanc</ja>(properties=<js>"name,age"</js>)
    *       <jk>public</jk> Person(String name, <jk>int</jk> age) {
    *          <jk>this</jk>.<jf>name</jf> = name;
    *          <jk>this</jk>.<jf>age</jf> = age;
    *       }
    *
    *       <jc>// Read only properties.</jc>
    *       <jc>// Getters, but no setters.</jc>
    *
    *       <jk>public</jk> String getName() {
    *          <jk>return</jk> <jf>name</jf>;
    *       }
    *
    *       <jk>public int</jk> getAge() {
    *          <jk>return</jk> <jf>age</jf>;
    *       }
    *    }
    * </p>
    * <p class='bpcode w800'>
    *    <jc>// Parsing into a read-only bean.</jc>
    *    String json = <js>"{name:'John Smith',age:45}"</js>;
    *    Person p = JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(json);
    *    String name = p.getName();  <jc>// "John Smith"</jc>
    *    <jk>int</jk> age = p.getAge();   <jc>// 45</jc>
    * </p>
    * <p>
    *    Note that the {@link Name @Name} annotation can also be used to identify bean property names on constructor
    *    arguments.  If neither this annotation or {@link Name @Name} is used, then we try to get the property names
    *    from the parameter names if they are available in the bytecode.
    * </p>
    */
   String properties() default "";
}