001// ***************************************************************************************************************************
002// * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file *
003// * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file        *
004// * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance            *
005// * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at                                                              *
006// *                                                                                                                         *
007// *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
008// *                                                                                                                         *
009// * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an  *
010// * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the        *
011// * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.                                              *
012// ***************************************************************************************************************************
013package org.apache.juneau.http.annotation;
014
015import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
016import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.*;
017
018import java.lang.annotation.*;
019
020import org.apache.juneau.jsonschema.annotation.Schema;
021import org.apache.juneau.*;
022import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
023import org.apache.juneau.httppart.*;
024import org.apache.juneau.json.*;
025import org.apache.juneau.jsonschema.*;
026
027/**
028 * REST request body annotation.
029 *
030 * <p>
031 * Identifies a POJO to be used as the body of an HTTP request.
032 *
033 * <p>
034 * Can be used in the following locations:
035 * <ul>
036 *    <li>Arguments and argument-types of server-side <ja>@RestMethod</ja>-annotated methods.
037 *    <li>Arguments and argument-types of client-side <ja>@RemoteMethod</ja>-annotated interfaces.
038 *    <li>Methods and return types of server-side and client-side <ja>@Request</ja>-annotated interfaces.
039 * </ul>
040 *
041 * <h5 class='topic'>Arguments and argument-types of server-side @RestMethod-annotated methods</h5>
042 *
043 * <p>
044 * On server-side REST, this annotation can be applied to method parameters or parameter classes to identify them as the body of an HTTP request.
045 *
046 * <h5 class='section'>Examples:</h5>
047 * <p class='bcode w800'>
048 *    <jc>// Used on parameter</jc>
049 *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>,path=<js>"/pets"</js>)
050 *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(<ja>@Body</ja> Pet pet) {...}
051 * </p>
052 * <p class='bcode w800'>
053 *    <jc>// Used on class</jc>
054 *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>,path=<js>"/pets"</js>)
055 *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(Pet pet) {...}
056 *
057 *    <ja>@Body</ja>
058 *    <jk>public class</jk> Pet {...}
059 * </p>
060 *
061 * <p>
062 * This is functionally equivalent to the following code...
063 * <p class='bcode w800'>
064 *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>,path=<js>"/pets"</js>)
065 *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(RestRequest req) {
066 *       Pet pet = req.getBody().asType(Pet.<jk>class</jk>);
067 *       ...
068 *    }
069 * </p>
070 *
071 * <p>
072 * Also used to populate the auto-generated Swagger documentation.
073 *
074 * <h5 class='section'>Examples:</h5>
075 * <p class='bcode w800'>
076 *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>,path=<js>"/pets"</js>)
077 *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(Pet pet) {...}
078 *
079 *    <ja>@Body</ja>(
080 *       description=<js>"Pet object to add to the store"</js>,
081 *       required=<jk>true</jk>,
082 *       example=<js>"{name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
083 *    )
084 *    <jk>public class</jk> Pet {...}
085 * </p>
086 *
087 * <p>
088 * Swagger documentation values are coalesced from multiple sources in the following order of precedence:
089 * <ol>
090 *    <li><ja>@Body</ja> annotation on parameter.
091 *    <li><ja>@Body</ja> annotation on parameter class.
092 *    <li><ja>@Body</ja> annotation on parent classes and interfaces.
093 *    <li><ja>@MethodSwagger(value)</ja> annotation.
094 *    <li>Localized resource bundle property <js>"[method-name].produces"</js>.
095 *    <li><ja>@ResourceSwagger(value)</ja> annotation.
096 *    <li>Localized classpath resource file <js>"[enclosing-class].[simple-class-name]_[locale].json"</js> (if it's an inner or member class).
097 *    <li>Default classpath resource file <js>"[enclosing-class].[simple-class-name].json"</js> (if it's an inner or member class).
098 *    <li>Localized classpath resource file <js>"[simple-class-name]_[locale].json"</js>.
099 *    <li>Default classpath resource file <js>"[simple-class-name].json"</js>.
100 * </ol>
101 *
102 * <ul class='seealso'>
103 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-rest-server.HttpPartAnnotations.Body}
104 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-rest-server.Swagger}
105 *    <li class='extlink'>{@doc SwaggerParameterObject}
106 * </ul>
107 *
108 * <h5 class='topic'>Arguments and argument-types of client-side @RemoteResource-annotated interfaces</h5>
109 *
110 * <ul class='seealso'>
111 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-rest-client.RestProxies.Body}
112 * </ul>
113 *
114 * <h5 class='topic'>Methods and return types of server-side and client-side @Request-annotated interfaces</h5>
115 *
116 * <ul class='seealso'>
117 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-rest-server.HttpPartAnnotations.Request}
118 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-rest-client.RestProxies.Request}
119 * </ul>
120 *
121 * <div class='warn'>
122 *    If using this annotation on a Spring bean, note that you are likely to encounter issues when using on parameterized
123 *    types such as <code>List&lt;MyBean&gt;</code>.  This is due to the fact that Spring uses CGLIB to recompile classes
124 *    at runtime, and CGLIB was written before generics were introduced into Java and is a virtually-unsupported library.
125 *    Therefore, parameterized types will often be stripped from class definitions and replaced with unparameterized types
126 * (e.g. <code>List</code>).  Under these circumstances, you are likely to get <code>ClassCastExceptions</code>
127 * when trying to access generalized <code>ObjectMaps</code> as beans.  The best solution to this issue is to either
128 * specify the parameter as a bean array (e.g. <code>MyBean[]</code>) or declare the method as final so that CGLIB
129 * will not try to recompile it.
130 * </div>
131 */
132@Documented
133@Target({PARAMETER,FIELD,METHOD,TYPE})
134@Retention(RUNTIME)
135@Inherited
136public @interface Body {
137
138   //=================================================================================================================
139   // Attributes common to all Swagger Parameter objects
140   //=================================================================================================================
141
142   /**
143    * <mk>description</mk> field of the {@doc SwaggerParameterObject}.
144    *
145    * <p>
146    * A brief description of the body. This could contain examples of use.
147    *
148    * <h5 class='section'>Examples:</h5>
149    * <p class='bcode w800'>
150    *    <jc>// Used on parameter</jc>
151    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
152    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(
153    *       <ja>@Body</ja>(description=<js>"Pet object to add to the store"</js>) Pet input
154    *    ) {...}
155    * </p>
156    * <p class='bcode w800'>
157    *    <jc>// Used on class</jc>
158    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
159    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(Pet input) {...}
160    *
161    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(description=<js>"Pet object to add to the store"</js>)
162    *    <jk>public class</jk> Pet {...}
163    * </p>
164    *
165    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
166    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
167    *    <li>
168    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
169    * </ul>
170    *
171    * <ul class='notes'>
172    *    <li>
173    *       The format is plain text.
174    *       <br>Multiple lines are concatenated with newlines.
175    *    <li>
176    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
177    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
178    * </ul>
179    */
180   String[] description() default {};
181
182   /**
183    * <mk>required</mk> field of the {@doc SwaggerParameterObject}.
184    *
185    * <p>
186    * Determines whether the body is mandatory.
187    *
188    * <p>
189    * If validation fails during serialization or parsing, the part serializer/parser will throw a {@link SchemaValidationException}.
190    * <br>On the client-side, this gets converted to a <c>RestCallException</c> which is thrown before the connection is made.
191    * <br>On the server-side, this gets converted to a <c>BadRequest</c> (400).
192    *
193    * <h5 class='section'>Examples:</h5>
194    * <p class='bcode w800'>
195    *    <jc>// Used on parameter</jc>
196    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
197    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(
198    *       <ja>@Body</ja>(required=<jk>true</jk>) Pet input
199    *    ) {...}
200    * </p>
201    * <p class='bcode w800'>
202    *    <jc>// Used on class</jc>
203    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
204    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(Pet input) {...}
205    *
206    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(required=<jk>true</jk>)
207    *    <jk>public class</jk> Pet {...}
208    * </p>
209    *
210    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
211    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
212    *    <li>
213    *       Server-side schema-based parsing validation.
214    *    <li>
215    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
216    *    <li>
217    *       Client-side schema-based serializing validation.
218    * </ul>
219    *
220    * <ul class='notes'>
221    *    <li>
222    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
223    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
224    * </ul>
225    */
226   boolean required() default false;
227
228   //=================================================================================================================
229   // Attributes specific to in=body
230   //=================================================================================================================
231
232   /**
233    * <mk>schema</mk> field of the {@doc SwaggerParameterObject}.
234    *
235    * <p>
236    * The schema defining the type used for the body parameter.
237    *
238    * <p>
239    * This is a required attribute per the swagger definition.
240    * However, if not explicitly specified, the value will be auto-generated using {@link JsonSchemaSerializer}.
241    *
242    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
243    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
244    *    <li>
245    *       Server-side schema-based parsing and parsing validation.
246    *    <li>
247    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
248    *    <li>
249    *       Client-side schema-based serializing and serializing validation.
250    * </ul>
251    *
252    * <ul class='notes'>
253    *    <li>
254    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
255    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
256    * </ul>
257    */
258   Schema schema() default @Schema;
259
260   //=================================================================================================================
261   // Other
262   //=================================================================================================================
263
264   /**
265    * A serialized example of the body of a request.
266    *
267    * <p>
268    * This is the {@doc SimpleJson} of an example of the body.
269    *
270    * <p>
271    * This value is converted to a POJO and then serialized to all the registered serializers on the REST method to produce examples for all
272    * supported language types.
273    * <br>These values are then used to automatically populate the {@link #examples} field.
274    *
275    * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
276    * <p class='bcode w800'>
277    *    <jc>// A JSON representation of a PetCreate object.</jc>
278    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(
279    *       example=<js>"{name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
280    *    )
281    * </p>
282    * <p>
283    * <img class='bordered' src='doc-files/Body_Example.png' style='width:860px'>
284    *
285    * <p>
286    * There are several other options for defining this example:
287    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
288    *    <li>
289    *       Defining an <js>"x-example"</js> field in the inherited Swagger JSON body field (classpath file or <code><ja>@ResourceSwagger</ja>(value)</code>/<code><ja>@MethodSwagger</ja>(value)</code>).
290    *    <li>
291    *       Defining an <js>"x-example"</js> field in the Swagger Schema Object for the body (including referenced <js>"$ref"</js> schemas).
292    *    <li>
293    *       Allowing Juneau to auto-generate a code example.
294    * </ul>
295    *
296    * <p>
297    * The latter is important because Juneau also supports auto-generation of JSON-Schema from POJO classes using {@link JsonSchemaSerializer} which has several of it's own
298    * options for auto-detecting and calculation POJO examples.
299    *
300    * <p>
301    * In particular, examples can be defined via static methods, fields, and annotations on the classes themselves.
302    *
303    * <p class='bcode w800'>
304    *    <jc>// Annotation on class.</jc>
305    *    <ja>@Example</ja>(<js>"{name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>)
306    *    <jk>public class</jk> PetCreate {
307    *       ...
308    *    }
309    * </p>
310    * <p class='bcode w800'>
311    *    <jc>// Annotation on static method.</jc>
312    *    <jk>public class</jk> PetCreate {
313    *
314    *       <ja>@Example</ja>
315    *       <jk>public static</jk> PetCreate <jsm>sample</jsm>() {
316    *          <jk>return new</jk> PetCreate(<js>"Doggie"</js>, 9.99f, <js>"Dog"</js>, <jk>new</jk> String[] {<js>"friendly"</js>,<js>"cute"</js>});
317    *       }
318    *    }
319    * </p>
320    * <p class='bcode w800'>
321    *    <jc>// Static method with specific name 'example'.</jc>
322    *    <jk>public class</jk> PetCreate {
323    *
324    *       <jk>public static</jk> PetCreate <jsm>example</jsm>() {
325    *          <jk>return new</jk> PetCreate(<js>"Doggie"</js>, 9.99f, <js>"Dog"</js>, <jk>new</jk> String[] {<js>"friendly"</js>,<js>"cute"</js>});
326    *       }
327    *    }
328    * </p>
329    * <p class='bcode w800'>
330    *    <jc>// Static field.</jc>
331    *    <jk>public class</jk> PetCreate {
332    *
333    *       <ja>@Example</ja>
334    *       <jk>public static</jk> PetCreate <jsf>EXAMPLE</jsf> = <jk>new</jk> PetCreate(<js>"Doggie"</js>, 9.99f, <js>"Dog"</js>, <jk>new</jk> String[] {<js>"friendly"</js>,<js>"cute"</js>});
335    *    }
336    * </p>
337    *
338    * <p>
339    * Examples can also be specified via generic properties as well using the {@link BeanContext#BEAN_examples} property at either the class or method level.
340    * <p class='bcode w800'>
341    *    <jc>// Examples defined at class level.</jc>
342    *    <ja>@RestResource</ja>(
343    *       properties={
344    *          <ja>@Property</ja>(
345    *             name=<jsf>BEAN_examples</jsf>,
346    *             value=<js>"{'org.apache.juneau.examples.rest.petstore.PetCreate': {name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}}"</js>
347    *          )
348    *       }
349    *    )
350    * </p>
351    *
352    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
353    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
354    *    <li>
355    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
356    * </ul>
357    *
358    * <ul class='seealso'>
359    *    <li class='ja'>{@link Example}
360    *    <li class='jc'>{@link BeanContext}
361    *    <ul>
362    *       <li class='jf'>{@link BeanContext#BEAN_examples BEAN_examples}
363    *    </ul>
364    *    <li class='jc'>{@link JsonSchemaSerializer}
365    *    <ul>
366    *       <li class='jf'>{@link JsonSchemaGenerator#JSONSCHEMA_addExamplesTo JSONSCHEMA_addExamplesTo}
367    *       <li class='jf'>{@link JsonSchemaGenerator#JSONSCHEMA_allowNestedExamples JSONSCHEMA_allowNestedExamples}
368    *    </ul>
369    * </ul>
370    *
371    * <ul class='notes'>
372    *    <li>
373    *       The format is any {@doc SimpleJson} if the object can be converted to a POJO using {@link JsonParser#DEFAULT} or a simple String if the object
374    *       has a schema associated with it meancan be converted from a String.
375    *       <br>Multiple lines are concatenated with newlines.
376    *    <li>
377    *       The format of this object can also be a simple String if the body has a schema associated with it, meaning it's meant to be treated as an HTTP part.
378    *    <li>
379    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
380    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
381    * </ul>
382    */
383   String[] example() default {};
384
385   /**
386    * Serialized examples of the body of a request.
387    *
388    * <p>
389    * This is a {@doc SimpleJson} object whose keys are media types and values are string representations of that value.
390    *
391    * <p>
392    * In general you won't need to populate this value directly since it will automatically be calculated based on the value provided in the {@link #example()} field.
393    * <br>However, this field allows you to override the behavior and show examples for only specified media types or different examples for different media types.
394    *
395    * <p class='bcode w800'>
396    *    <jc>// A JSON representation of a PetCreate object.</jc>
397    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(
398    *       examples={
399    *          <js>"'application/json':'{name:\\'Doggie\\',species:\\'Dog\\'}',"</js>,
400    *          <js>"'text/uon':'(name:Doggie,species=Dog)'"</js>
401    *       }
402    *    )
403    * </p>
404    *
405    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
406    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
407    *    <li>
408    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
409    * </ul>
410    *
411    * <ul class='notes'>
412    *    <li>
413    *       The format is a {@doc SimpleJson} object with string keys (media type) and string values (example for that media type) .
414    *    <li>
415    *       The leading/trailing <c>{ }</c> characters are optional.
416    *    <li>
417    *       Multiple lines are concatenated with newlines so that you can format the value to be readable:
418    *    <li>
419    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
420    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
421    *    <li>
422    *       Resolution of variables is delayed until request time and occurs before parsing.
423    *       <br>This allows you to, for example, pull in a JSON construct from a properties file based on the locale of the HTTP request.
424    * </ul>
425    */
426   String[] examples() default {};
427
428   /**
429    * Free-form value for the {@doc SwaggerParameterObject}.
430    *
431    * <p>
432    * This is a {@doc SimpleJson} object that makes up the swagger information for this parameter-info.
433    *
434    * <p>
435    * The following are completely equivalent ways of defining the swagger description of the body:
436    * <p class='bcode w800'>
437    *    <jc>// Normal</jc>
438    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
439    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(
440    *       <ja>@Body</ja>(
441    *          description=<js>"Pet object to add to the store"</js>,
442    *          required=<jk>true</jk>,
443    *          example=<js>"{name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
444    *       ) Pet input
445    *    ) {...}
446    * </p>
447    * <p class='bcode w800'>
448    *    <jc>// Free-form</jc>
449    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
450    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(
451    *       <ja>@Body</ja>({
452    *          <js>"description: 'Pet object to add to the store',"</js>,
453    *          <js>"required: true,"</js>,
454    *          <js>"example: {name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
455    *       }) Pet input
456    *    ) {...}
457    * </p>
458    * <p class='bcode w800'>
459    *    <jc>// Free-form with variables</jc>
460    *    <ja>@RestMethod</ja>(name=<jsf>POST</jsf>)
461    *    <jk>public void</jk> addPet(
462    *       <ja>@Body</ja>(<js>"$L{petObjectSwagger}"</js>) Pet input
463    *    ) {...}
464    * </p>
465    * <p class='bcode w800'>
466    *    <mc>// Contents of MyResource.properties</mc>
467    *    <mk>petObjectSwagger</mk> = <mv>{ description: "Pet object to add to the store", required: true, example: {name:"Doggie",price:9.99,species:"Dog",tags:["friendly","cute"]} }</mv>
468    * </p>
469    *
470    * <p>
471    *    The reasons why you may want to use this field include:
472    * <ul>
473    *    <li>You want to pull in the entire Swagger JSON definition for this body from an external source such as a properties file.
474    *    <li>You want to add extra fields to the Swagger documentation that are not officially part of the Swagger specification.
475    * </ul>
476    *
477    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
478    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
479    *    <li>
480    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
481    * </ul>
482    *
483    * <ul class='notes'>
484    *    <li>
485    *       The format is a {@doc SimpleJson} object.
486    *    <li>
487    *       Schema-based serialization is NOT affected by values defined in this annotation.
488    *       <br>It only affects the generated Swagger documentation.
489    *    <li>
490    *       The leading/trailing <c>{ }</c> characters are optional.
491    *       <br>The following two example are considered equivalent:
492    *       <p class='bcode w800'>
493    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(<js>"{description: 'Pet object to add to the store'}"</js>)
494    *       </p>
495    *       <p class='bcode w800'>
496    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(<js>"description: 'Pet object to add to the store'"</js>)
497    *       </p>
498    *    <li>
499    *       Multiple lines are concatenated with newlines so that you can format the value to be readable.
500    *    <li>
501    *       Supports {@doc DefaultRestSvlVariables}
502    *       (e.g. <js>"$L{my.localized.variable}"</js>).
503    *    <li>
504    *       Values defined in this field supersede values pulled from the Swagger JSON file and are superseded by individual values defined on this annotation.
505    * </ul>
506    */
507   String[] value() default {};
508
509   /**
510    * Equivalent to {@link #value()}.
511    *
512    * <p>
513    * The following are entirely equivalent:
514    *
515    * <p class='bcode w800'>
516    *    <ja>@Body</ja>({
517    *       <js>"description: 'Pet object to add to the store',"</js>,
518    *       <js>"required: true,"</js>,
519    *       <js>"example: {name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
520    *    })
521    * </p>
522    * <p class='bcode w800'>
523    *    <ja>@Body</ja>(api={
524    *       <js>"description: 'Pet object to add to the store',"</js>,
525    *       <js>"required: true,"</js>,
526    *       <js>"example: {name:'Doggie',price:9.99,species:'Dog',tags:['friendly','cute']}"</js>
527    *    })
528    * </p>
529    *
530    * <h5 class='section'>Used for:</h5>
531    * <ul class='spaced-list'>
532    *    <li>
533    *       Server-side generated Swagger documentation.
534    * </ul>
535    *
536    * <ul class='notes'>
537    *    <li>
538    *       If you specify both {@link #value()} and {@link #api()}, {@link #value()} will be ignored.
539    * </ul>
540    */
541   String[] api() default {};
542}