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// * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file *
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// * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance            *
// * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at                                                              *
// *                                                                                                                         *
// *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
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// ***************************************************************************************************************************
package org.apache.juneau.httppart;

import static java.util.Collections.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartSchema.Format.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.httppart.HttpPartSchema.Type.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.internal.StringUtils.*;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.internal.*;
import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;
import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;

/**
 * Represents an OpenAPI schema definition.
 *
 * <p>
 * The schema definition can be applied to any HTTP parts such as bodies, headers, query/form parameters, and URL path parts.
 * <br>The API is generic enough to apply to any path part although some attributes may only applicable for certain parts.
 *
 * <p>
 * Schema objects are created via builders instantiated through the {@link #create()} method.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is thread safe and reusable.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5>
 * <ul>
 *    <li class='link'>{@doc juneau-marshall.OpenApiDetails}
 * </ul>
 */
public class HttpPartSchema {

   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Predefined instances
   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   /** Reusable instance of this object, all default settings. */
   public static final HttpPartSchema DEFAULT = HttpPartSchema.create().allowEmptyValue(true).build();

   final String name;
   final Set<Integer> codes;
   final String _default;
   final Set<String> _enum;
   final Map<String,HttpPartSchema> properties;
   final boolean allowEmptyValue, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, required, uniqueItems, skipIfEmpty;
   final CollectionFormat collectionFormat;
   final Type type;
   final Format format;
   final Pattern pattern;
   final HttpPartSchema items, additionalProperties;
   final Number maximum, minimum, multipleOf;
   final Long maxLength, minLength, maxItems, minItems, maxProperties, minProperties;
   final Class<? extends HttpPartParser> parser;
   final Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> serializer;
   final ClassMeta<?> parsedType;

   /**
    * Instantiates a new builder for this object.
    *
    * @return A new builder for this object.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchemaBuilder create() {
      return new HttpPartSchemaBuilder();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified method parameter.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
    * <ul>
    *    <li>The method parameter.
    *    <li>The method parameter class.
    *    <li>The method parameter parent classes and interfaces.
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Body}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link ResponseHeader}
    *       <li>{@link ResponseBody}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param m
    *    The Java method containing the parameter.
    * @param mi
    *    The index of the parameter on the method.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m, int mi) {
      return create().apply(c, m, mi).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified method return.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations at the following locations:
    * <ul>
    *    <li>The method.
    *    <li>The method return class.
    *    <li>The method return parent classes and interfaces.
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Body}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link ResponseHeader}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param m
    *    The Java method with the return type being checked.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, Method m) {
      return create().apply(c, m).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information for the specified class.
    *
    * <p>
    * This method will gather all the schema information from the annotations on the class and all parent classes/interfaces.
    *
    * @param c
    *    The annotation to look for.
    *    <br>Valid values:
    *    <ul>
    *       <li>{@link Body}
    *       <li>{@link Header}
    *       <li>{@link Query}
    *       <li>{@link FormData}
    *       <li>{@link Path}
    *       <li>{@link Response}
    *       <li>{@link ResponseHeader}
    *       <li>{@link HasQuery}
    *       <li>{@link HasFormData}
    *    </ul>
    * @param t
    *    The class containing the parameter.
    * @return The schema information about the parameter.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Class<? extends Annotation> c, java.lang.reflect.Type t) {
      return create().apply(c, t).build();
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for calling <code>create().type(type);</code>
    *
    * @param type The schema type value.
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchemaBuilder create(String type) {
      return create().type(type);
   }

   /**
    * Shortcut for calling <code>create().type(type).format(format);</code>
    *
    * @param type The schema type value.
    * @param format The schema format value.
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchemaBuilder create(String type, String format) {
      return create().type(type).format(format);
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
    *
    * @param a
    *    The annotation to find the schema information on..
    * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a) {
      return create().apply(a).build();
   }

   /**
    * Finds the schema information on the specified annotation.
    *
    * @param a
    *    The annotation to find the schema information on..
    * @param defaultName The default part name if not specified on the annotation.
    * @return The schema information found on the annotation.
    */
   public static HttpPartSchema create(Annotation a, String defaultName) {
      return create().name(defaultName).apply(a).build();
   }

   HttpPartSchema(HttpPartSchemaBuilder b) {
      this.name = b.name;
      this.codes = copy(b.codes);
      this._default = b._default;
      this._enum = copy(b._enum);
      this.properties = build(b.properties, b.noValidate);
      this.allowEmptyValue = resolve(b.allowEmptyValue);
      this.exclusiveMaximum = resolve(b.exclusiveMaximum);
      this.exclusiveMinimum = resolve(b.exclusiveMinimum);
      this.required = resolve(b.required);
      this.uniqueItems = resolve(b.uniqueItems);
      this.skipIfEmpty = resolve(b.skipIfEmpty);
      this.collectionFormat = b.collectionFormat;
      this.type = b.type;
      this.format = b.format;
      this.pattern = b.pattern;
      this.items = build(b.items, b.noValidate);
      this.additionalProperties = build(b.additionalProperties, b.noValidate);
      this.maximum = b.maximum;
      this.minimum = b.minimum;
      this.multipleOf = b.multipleOf;
      this.maxItems = b.maxItems;
      this.maxLength = b.maxLength;
      this.maxProperties = b.maxProperties;
      this.minItems = b.minItems;
      this.minLength = b.minLength;
      this.minProperties = b.minProperties;
      this.parser = b.parser;
      this.serializer = b.serializer;

      // Calculate parse type
      Class<?> parsedType = Object.class;
      if (type == ARRAY) {
         if (items != null)
            parsedType = Array.newInstance(items.parsedType.getInnerClass(), 0).getClass();
      } else if (type == BOOLEAN) {
         parsedType = Boolean.class;
      } else if (type == INTEGER) {
         if (format == INT64)
            parsedType = Long.class;
         else
            parsedType = Integer.class;
      } else if (type == NUMBER) {
         if (format == DOUBLE)
            parsedType = Double.class;
         else
            parsedType = Float.class;
      } else if (type == STRING) {
         if (format == BYTE || format == BINARY || format == BINARY_SPACED)
            parsedType = byte[].class;
         else if (format == DATE || format == DATE_TIME)
            parsedType = Calendar.class;
         else
            parsedType = String.class;
      }
      this.parsedType = BeanContext.DEFAULT.getClassMeta(parsedType);

      if (b.noValidate)
         return;

      // Validation.
      List<String> errors = new ArrayList<>();
      AList<String> notAllowed = new AList<>();
      boolean invalidFormat = false;
      switch (type) {
         case STRING: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(properties != null, "properties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat");
            notAllowed.appendIf(items != null, "items");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maximum != null, "maximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minimum != null, "minimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minItems != null, "minItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.BYTE, Format.BINARY, Format.BINARY_SPACED, Format.DATE, Format.DATE_TIME, Format.PASSWORD, Format.UON, Format.NO_FORMAT);
            break;
         }
         case ARRAY: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(properties != null, "properties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(pattern != null, "pattern");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maximum != null, "maximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minimum != null, "minimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.NO_FORMAT, Format.UON);
            break;
         }
         case BOOLEAN: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(! _enum.isEmpty(), "_enum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(properties != null, "properties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat");
            notAllowed.appendIf(pattern != null, "pattern");
            notAllowed.appendIf(items != null, "items");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maximum != null, "maximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minimum != null, "minimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minItems != null, "minItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.NO_FORMAT, Format.UON);
            break;
         }
         case FILE: {
            break;
         }
         case INTEGER: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(properties != null, "properties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat");
            notAllowed.appendIf(pattern != null, "pattern");
            notAllowed.appendIf(items != null, "items");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minItems != null, "minItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.NO_FORMAT, Format.UON, Format.INT32, Format.INT64);
            break;
         }
         case NUMBER: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(properties != null, "properties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(additionalProperties != null, "additionalProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat");
            notAllowed.appendIf(pattern != null, "pattern");
            notAllowed.appendIf(items != null, "items");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxProperties != null, "maxProperties");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minItems != null, "minItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minProperties != null, "minProperties");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.NO_FORMAT, Format.UON, Format.FLOAT, Format.DOUBLE);
            break;
         }
         case OBJECT: {
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMaximum, "exclusiveMaximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(exclusiveMinimum, "exclusiveMinimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(uniqueItems, "uniqueItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat");
            notAllowed.appendIf(pattern != null, "pattern");
            notAllowed.appendIf(items != null, "items");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maximum != null, "maximum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minimum != null, "minimum");
            notAllowed.appendIf(multipleOf != null, "multipleOf");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxItems != null, "maxItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(maxLength != null, "maxLength");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minItems != null, "minItems");
            notAllowed.appendIf(minLength != null, "minLength");
            invalidFormat = ! format.isOneOf(Format.NO_FORMAT, Format.UON);
            break;
         }
         default:
            break;
      }

      if (! notAllowed.isEmpty())
         errors.add("Attributes not allow for type='"+type+"': " + StringUtils.join(notAllowed, ","));
      if (invalidFormat)
         errors.add("Invalid format for type='"+type+"': '"+format+"'");
      if (exclusiveMaximum && maximum == null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMaximum with maximum.");
      if (exclusiveMinimum && minimum == null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify exclusiveMinimum with minimum.");
      if (required && _default != null)
         errors.add("Cannot specify a default value on a required value.");
      if (minLength != null && maxLength != null && maxLength < minLength)
         errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than minLength.");
      if (minimum != null && maximum != null && maximum.doubleValue() < minimum.doubleValue())
         errors.add("maximum cannot be less than minimum.");
      if (minItems != null && maxItems != null && maxItems < minItems)
         errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than minItems.");
      if (minProperties != null && maxProperties != null && maxProperties < minProperties)
         errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than minProperties.");
      if (minLength != null && minLength < 0)
         errors.add("minLength cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxLength != null && maxLength < 0)
         errors.add("maxLength cannot be less than zero.");
      if (minItems != null && minItems < 0)
         errors.add("minItems cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxItems != null && maxItems < 0)
         errors.add("maxItems cannot be less than zero.");
      if (minProperties != null && minProperties < 0)
         errors.add("minProperties cannot be less than zero.");
      if (maxProperties != null && maxProperties < 0)
         errors.add("maxProperties cannot be less than zero.");
      if (type == ARRAY && items != null && items.getType() == OBJECT && (format != UON && format != Format.NO_FORMAT))
         errors.add("Cannot define an array of objects unless array format is 'uon'.");

      if (! errors.isEmpty())
         throw new ContextRuntimeException("Schema specification errors: \n\t" + join(errors, "\n\t"));
   }

   /**
    * Valid values for the <code>collectionFormat</code> field.
    */
   public static enum CollectionFormat {

      /**
       * Comma-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo,bar"</js>).
       */
      CSV,

      /**
       * Space-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo bar"</js>).
       */
      SSV,

      /**
       * Tab-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo\tbar"</js>).
       */
      TSV,

      /**
       * Pipe-separated values (e.g. <js>"foo|bar"</js>).
       */
      PIPES,

      /**
       * Corresponds to multiple parameter instances instead of multiple values for a single instance (e.g. <js>"foo=bar&amp;foo=baz"</js>).
       */
      MULTI,

      /**
       * UON notation (e.g. <js>"@(foo,bar)"</js>).
       */
      UON,

      /**
       * Not specified.
       */
      NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT;

      static CollectionFormat fromString(String value) {

         return valueOf(value.toUpperCase());
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
         return name().toLowerCase();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Valid values for the <code>type</code> field.
    */
   public static enum Type {

      /**
       * String.
       */
      STRING,

      /**
       * Floating point number.
       */
      NUMBER,

      /**
       * Decimal number.
       */
      INTEGER,

      /**
       * Boolean.
       */
      BOOLEAN,

      /**
       * Array or collection.
       */
      ARRAY,

      /**
       * Map or bean.
       */
      OBJECT,

      /**
       * File.
       */
      FILE,

      /**
       * Not specified.
       */
      NO_TYPE;

      static Type fromString(String value) {
         return valueOf(value.toUpperCase());
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
         return name().toLowerCase();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Valid values for the <code>format</code> field.
    */
   public static enum Format {

      /**
       * Signed 32 bits.
       */
      INT32,

      /**
       * Signed 64 bits.
       */
      INT64,

      /**
       * 32-bit floating point number.
       */
      FLOAT,

      /**
       * 64-bit floating point number.
       */
      DOUBLE,

      /**
       * BASE-64 encoded characters.
       */
      BYTE,

      /**
       * Hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00FF"</js>).
       */
      BINARY,

      /**
       * Spaced-separated hexadecimal encoded octets (e.g. <js>"00 FF"</js>).
       */
      BINARY_SPACED,

      /**
       * An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 full-date</a>.
       */
      DATE,

      /**
       *  An <a href='http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3339.html#anchor14'>RFC3339 date-time</a>.
       */
      DATE_TIME,

      /**
       * Used to hint UIs the input needs to be obscured.
       */
      PASSWORD,

      /**
       * UON notation (e.g. <js>"(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,123))"</js>).
       */
      UON,

      /**
       * Not specified.
       */
      NO_FORMAT;

      static Format fromString(String value) {
         value = value.toUpperCase().replace('-','_');
         return valueOf(value);
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
         String s = name().toLowerCase().replace('_','-');
         return s;
      }

      /**
       * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this format is in the provided list.
       *
       * @param list The list of formats to check against.
       * @return <jk>true</jk> if this format is in the provided list.
       */
      public boolean isOneOf(Format...list) {
         for (Format ff : list)
            if (this == ff)
               return true;
         return false;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns the default parsed type for this schema.
    *
    * @return The default parsed type for this schema.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public ClassMeta<?> getParsedType() {
      return parsedType;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the name of the object described by this schema, for example the query or form parameter name.
    *
    * @return The name, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#name(String)
    */
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the HTTP status code or codes defined on a schema.
    *
    * @return
    *    The list of HTTP status codes.
    *    <br>Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#code(int)
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#codes(int[])
    */
   public Set<Integer> getCodes() {
      return codes;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the HTTP status code or codes defined on a schema.
    *
    * @param def The default value if there are no codes defined.
    * @return
    *    The list of HTTP status codes.
    *    <br>A singleton set containing the default value if the set is empty.
    *    <br>Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#code(int)
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#codes(int[])
    */
   public Set<Integer> getCodes(Integer def) {
      return codes.isEmpty() ? Collections.singleton(def) : codes;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the first HTTP status code on a schema.
    *
    * @param def The default value if there are no codes defined.
    * @return
    *    The list of HTTP status codes.
    *    <br>A singleton set containing the default value if the set is empty.
    *    <br>Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#code(int)
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#codes(int[])
    */
   public Integer getCode(Integer def) {
      return codes.isEmpty() ? def : codes.iterator().next();
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>type</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>type</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#type(String)
    */
   public Type getType() {
      return type;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>type</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @param cm
    *    The class meta of the object.
    *    <br>Used to auto-detect the type if the type was not specified.
    * @return The format field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#format(String)
    */
   public Type getType(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      if (type != Type.NO_TYPE)
         return type;
      if (cm.isMapOrBean())
         return Type.OBJECT;
      if (cm.isCollectionOrArray())
         return Type.ARRAY;
      if (cm.isNumber()) {
         if (cm.isDecimal())
            return Type.NUMBER;
         return Type.INTEGER;
      }
      if (cm.isBoolean())
         return Type.BOOLEAN;
      return Type.STRING;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>default</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The default value for this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#_default(String)
    */
   public String getDefault() {
      return _default;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>collectionFormat</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>collectionFormat</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#collectionFormat(String)
    */
   public CollectionFormat getCollectionFormat() {
      return collectionFormat;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>format</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#format(String)
    * @return The <code>format</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    */
   public Format getFormat() {
      return format;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>format</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @param cm
    *    The class meta of the object.
    *    <br>Used to auto-detect the format if the format was not specified.
    * @return The <code>format</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#format(String)
    */
   public Format getFormat(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      if (format != Format.NO_FORMAT)
         return format;
      if (cm.isNumber()) {
         if (cm.isDecimal()) {
            if (cm.isDouble())
               return Format.DOUBLE;
            return Format.FLOAT;
         }
         if (cm.isLong())
            return Format.INT64;
         return Format.INT32;
      }
      return format;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>maximum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The schema for child items of the object represented by this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not defined.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#items(HttpPartSchemaBuilder)
    */
   public HttpPartSchema getItems() {
      return items;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>maximum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>maximum</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#maximum(Number)
    */
   public Number getMaximum() {
      return maximum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>minimum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>minimum</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#minimum(Number)
    */
   public Number getMinimum() {
      return minimum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#multipleOf(Number)
    */
   public Number getMultipleOf() {
      return multipleOf;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#pattern(String)
    */
   public Pattern getPattern() {
      return pattern;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#maxLength(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxLength() {
      return maxLength;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#minLength(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinLength() {
      return minLength;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#maxItems(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxItems() {
      return maxItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#minItems(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinItems() {
      return minItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#maxProperties(Long)
    */
   public Long getMaxProperties() {
      return maxProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>xxx</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>xxx</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#minProperties(Long)
    */
   public Long getMinProperties() {
      return minProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>exclusiveMaximum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>exclusiveMaximum</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#exclusiveMaximum(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isExclusiveMaximum() {
      return exclusiveMaximum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>exclusiveMinimum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>exclusiveMinimum</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#exclusiveMinimum(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isExclusiveMinimum() {
      return exclusiveMinimum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>uniqueItems</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>uniqueItems</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#uniqueItems(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isUniqueItems() {
      return uniqueItems;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>required</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>required</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#required(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isRequired() {
      return required;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>skipIfEmpty</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>skipIfEmpty</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isSkipIfEmpty() {
      return skipIfEmpty;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>allowEmptyValue</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>skipIfEmpty</code> field of this schema.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#skipIfEmpty(Boolean)
    */
   public boolean isAllowEmptyValue() {
      return allowEmptyValue;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>enum</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>enum</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#_enum(Set)
    */
   public Set<String> getEnum() {
      return _enum;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>parser</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>parser</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#parser(Class)
    */
   public Class<? extends HttpPartParser> getParser() {
      return parser;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>serializer</code> field of this schema.
    *
    * @return The <code>serializer</code> field of this schema, or <jk>null</jk> if not specified.
    * @see HttpPartSchemaBuilder#serializer(Class)
    */
   public Class<? extends HttpPartSerializer> getSerializer() {
      return serializer;
   }

   /**
    * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
    *
    * @param in The input.
    * @return The same object passed in.
    * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified pre-parsed input does not validate against this schema.
    */
   public String validateInput(String in) throws SchemaValidationException {
      if (! isValidRequired(in))
         throw new SchemaValidationException("No value specified.");
      if (in != null) {
         if (! isValidAllowEmpty(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Empty value not allowed.");
         if (! isValidPattern(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match expected pattern.  Must match pattern: {0}", pattern.pattern());
         if (! isValidEnum(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Value does not match one of the expected values.  Must be one of the following: {0}", _enum);
         if (! isValidMaxLength(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum length of value exceeded.");
         if (! isValidMinLength(in))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum length of value not met.");
      }
      return in;
   }

   /**
    * Throws a {@link ParseException} if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
    *
    * @param o The parsed output.
    * @param bc The bean context used to detect POJO types.
    * @return The same object passed in.
    * @throws SchemaValidationException if the specified parsed output does not validate against this schema.
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
   public <T> T validateOutput(T o, BeanContext bc) throws SchemaValidationException {
      if (o == null) {
         if (! isValidRequired(o))
            throw new SchemaValidationException("Required value not provided.");
         return o;
      }
      ClassMeta<?> cm = bc.getClassMetaForObject(o);
      switch (getType(cm)) {
         case ARRAY: {
            if (cm.isArray()) {
               if (! isValidMinItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
               if (! isValidUniqueItems(o))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
               HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
               if (items != null)
                  for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(o); i++)
                     items.validateOutput(Array.get(o, i), bc);
            } else if (cm.isCollection()) {
               Collection<?> c = (Collection<?>)o;
               if (! isValidMinItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of items not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of items exceeded.");
               if (! isValidUniqueItems(c))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Duplicate items not allowed.");
               HttpPartSchema items = getItems();
               if (items != null)
                  for (Object o2 : c)
                     items.validateOutput(o2, bc);
            }
            break;
         }
         case INTEGER: {
            if (cm.isNumber()) {
               Number n = (Number)o;
               if (! isValidMinimum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
               if (! isValidMaximum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
               if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
            }
            break;
         }
         case NUMBER: {
            if (cm.isNumber()) {
               Number n = (Number)o;
               if (! isValidMinimum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum value not met.");
               if (! isValidMaximum(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum value exceeded.");
               if (! isValidMultipleOf(n))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Multiple-of not met.");
            }
            break;
         }
         case OBJECT: {
            if (cm.isMapOrBean()) {
               Map<?,?> m = cm.isMap() ? (Map<?,?>)o : bc.createSession().toBeanMap(o);
               if (! isValidMinProperties(m))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Minimum number of properties not met.");
               if (! isValidMaxProperties(m))
                  throw new SchemaValidationException("Maximum number of properties exceeded.");
               for (Map.Entry e : m.entrySet()) {
                  String key = e.getKey().toString();
                  HttpPartSchema s2 = getProperty(key);
                  if (s2 != null)
                     s2.validateOutput(e.getValue(), bc);
               }
            } else if (cm.isBean()) {

            }
            break;
         }
         case BOOLEAN:
         case FILE:
         case STRING:
         case NO_TYPE:
            break;
      }
      return o;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helper methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   private boolean isValidRequired(Object x) {
      return x != null || ! required;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
      return minProperties == null || x.size() >= minProperties;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxProperties(Map<?,?> x) {
      return maxProperties == null || x.size() <= maxProperties;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinimum(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return minimum == null || x.intValue() > minimum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return minimum == null || x.shortValue() > minimum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return minimum == null || x.longValue() > minimum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == minimum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return minimum == null || x.floatValue() > minimum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == minimum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return minimum == null || x.doubleValue() > minimum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == minimum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMinimum));
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaximum(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return maximum == null || x.intValue() < maximum.intValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.intValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return maximum == null || x.shortValue() < maximum.shortValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.shortValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return maximum == null || x.longValue() < maximum.longValue() || (x.intValue() == maximum.longValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return maximum == null || x.floatValue() < maximum.floatValue() || (x.floatValue() == maximum.floatValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return maximum == null || x.doubleValue() < maximum.doubleValue() || (x.doubleValue() == maximum.doubleValue() && (! exclusiveMaximum));
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMultipleOf(Number x) {
      if (x instanceof Integer || x instanceof AtomicInteger)
         return multipleOf == null || x.intValue() % multipleOf.intValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Short || x instanceof Byte)
         return multipleOf == null || x.shortValue() % multipleOf.shortValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Long || x instanceof AtomicLong || x instanceof BigInteger)
         return multipleOf == null || x.longValue() % multipleOf.longValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Float)
         return multipleOf == null || x.floatValue() % multipleOf.floatValue() == 0;
      if (x instanceof Double || x instanceof BigDecimal)
         return multipleOf == null || x.doubleValue() % multipleOf.doubleValue() == 0;
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidAllowEmpty(String x) {
      return allowEmptyValue || isNotEmpty(x);
   }

   private boolean isValidPattern(String x) {
      return pattern == null || pattern.matcher(x).matches();
   }

   private boolean isValidEnum(String x) {
      return _enum.isEmpty() || _enum.contains(x);
   }

   private boolean isValidMinLength(String x) {
      return minLength == null || x.length() >= minLength;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxLength(String x) {
      return maxLength == null || x.length() <= maxLength;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinItems(Object x) {
      return minItems == null || Array.getLength(x) >= minItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxItems(Object x) {
      return maxItems == null || Array.getLength(x) <= maxItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Object x) {
      if (uniqueItems) {
         Set<Object> s = new HashSet<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(x); i++) {
            Object o = Array.get(x, i);
            if (! s.add(o))
               return false;
         }
      }
      return true;
   }

   private boolean isValidMinItems(Collection<?> x) {
      return minItems == null || x.size() >= minItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidMaxItems(Collection<?> x) {
      return maxItems == null || x.size() <= maxItems;
   }

   private boolean isValidUniqueItems(Collection<?> x) {
      if (uniqueItems && ! (x instanceof Set)) {
         Set<Object> s = new HashSet<>();
         for (Object o : x)
            if (! s.add(o))
               return false;
      }
      return true;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the schema information for the specified property.
    *
    * @param name The property name.
    * @return The schema information for the specified property, or <jk>null</jk> if properties are not defined on this schema.
    */
   public HttpPartSchema getProperty(String name) {
      if (properties != null) {
         HttpPartSchema schema = properties.get(name);
         if (schema != null)
            return schema;
      }
      return additionalProperties;
   }

   /**
    * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
    *
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if this schema has properties associated with it.
    */
   public boolean hasProperties() {
      return properties != null || additionalProperties != null;
   }

   private static <T> Set<T> copy(Set<T> in) {
      return in == null ? Collections.EMPTY_SET : unmodifiableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>(in));
   }

   private static Map<String,HttpPartSchema> build(Map<String,HttpPartSchemaBuilder> in, boolean noValidate) {
      if (in == null)
         return null;
      Map<String,HttpPartSchema> m = new LinkedHashMap<>();
      for (Map.Entry<String,HttpPartSchemaBuilder> e : in.entrySet())
         m.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue().noValidate(noValidate).build());
      return unmodifiableMap(m);
   }

   private static HttpPartSchema build(HttpPartSchemaBuilder in, boolean noValidate) {
      return in == null ? null : in.noValidate(noValidate).build();
   }


   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helper methods.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   private boolean resolve(Boolean b) {
      return b == null ? false : b;
   }

   final static Set<String> toSet(String[] s) {
      return toSet(joinnl(s));
   }

   final static Set<String> toSet(String s) {
      if (isEmpty(s))
         return null;
      Set<String> set = new ASet<>();
      try {
         for (Object o : StringUtils.parseListOrCdl(s))
            set.add(o.toString());
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
      return set;
   }

   final static Number toNumber(String s) {
      try {
         if (isNotEmpty(s))
            return parseNumber(s, Number.class);
         return null;
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
   }

   final static ObjectMap toObjectMap(String[] ss) {
      String s = joinnl(ss);
      if (s.isEmpty())
         return null;
      if (! isObjectMap(s, true))
         s = "{" + s + "}";
      try {
         return new ObjectMap(s);
      } catch (ParseException e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      try {
         ObjectMap m = new ObjectMap()
            .appendSkipEmpty("name", name)
            .appendSkipEmpty("type", type)
            .appendSkipEmpty("format", format)
            .appendSkipEmpty("codes", codes)
            .appendSkipEmpty("default", _default)
            .appendSkipEmpty("enum", _enum)
            .appendSkipEmpty("properties", properties)
            .appendSkipFalse("allowEmptyValue", allowEmptyValue)
            .appendSkipFalse("exclusiveMaximum", exclusiveMaximum)
            .appendSkipFalse("exclusiveMinimum", exclusiveMinimum)
            .appendSkipFalse("required", required)
            .appendSkipFalse("uniqueItems", uniqueItems)
            .appendSkipFalse("skipIfEmpty", skipIfEmpty)
            .appendIf(collectionFormat != CollectionFormat.NO_COLLECTION_FORMAT, "collectionFormat", collectionFormat)
            .appendSkipEmpty("pattern", pattern)
            .appendSkipNull("items", items)
            .appendSkipNull("additionalProperties", additionalProperties)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("maximum", maximum)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("minimum", minimum)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("multipleOf", multipleOf)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("maxLength", maxLength)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("minLength", minLength)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("maxItems", maxItems)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("minItems", minItems)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("maxProperties", maxProperties)
            .appendSkipMinusOne("minProperties", minProperties)
            .append("parsedType", parsedType)
         ;
         return m.toString();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         return "";
      }
   }
}