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012// ***************************************************************************************************************************
013package org.apache.juneau.http;
014
015/**
016 * Represents a parsed <l>Warning</l> HTTP request/response header.
017 * 
018 * <p>
019 * A general warning about possible problems with the entity body.
020 * 
021 * <h5 class='figure'>Example</h5>
022 * <p class='bcode'>
023 *    Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning
024 * </p>
025 * 
026 * <h5 class='topic'>RFC2616 Specification</h5>
027 * 
028 * The Warning general-header field is used to carry additional information about the status or transformation of a
029 * message which might not be reflected in the message.
030 * This information is typically used to warn about a possible lack of semantic transparency from caching operations
031 * or transformations applied to the entity body of the message.
032 * 
033 * <p>
034 * Warning headers are sent with responses using:
035 * <p class='bcode'>
036 *    Warning    = "Warning" ":" 1#warning-value
037 *    warning-value = warn-code SP warn-agent SP warn-text
038 *                                          [SP warn-date]
039 *    warn-code  = 3DIGIT
040 *    warn-agent = ( host [ ":" port ] ) | pseudonym
041 *                    ; the name or pseudonym of the server adding
042 *                    ; the Warning header, for use in debugging
043 *    warn-text  = quoted-string
044 *    warn-date  = &lt;"&gt; HTTP-date &lt;"&gt;
045 * </p>
046 * 
047 * <p>
048 * A response MAY carry more than one Warning header.
049 * 
050 * <p>
051 * The warn-text SHOULD be in a natural language and character set that is most likely to be intelligible to the human
052 * user receiving the response.
053 * This decision MAY be based on any available knowledge, such as the location of the cache or user, the
054 * Accept-Language field in a request, the Content-Language field in a response, etc.
055 * The default language is English and the default character set is ISO-8859-1.
056 * 
057 * <p>
058 * If a character set other than ISO-8859-1 is used, it MUST be encoded in the warn-text using the method described in
059 * RFC 2047.
060 * 
061 * <p>
062 * Warning headers can in general be applied to any message, however some specific warn-codes are specific to caches
063 * and can only be applied to response messages.
064 * New Warning headers SHOULD be added after any existing Warning headers.
065 * A cache MUST NOT delete any Warning header that it received with a message.
066 * However, if a cache successfully validates a cache entry, it SHOULD remove any Warning headers previously attached
067 * to that entry except as specified for specific Warning codes.
068 * It MUST then add any Warning headers received in the validating response.
069 * In other words, Warning headers are those that would be attached to the most recent relevant response.
070 * 
071 * <p>
072 * When multiple Warning headers are attached to a response, the user agent ought to inform the user of as many of them
073 * as possible, in the order that they appear in the response.
074 * If it is not possible to inform the user of all of the warnings, the user agent SHOULD follow these heuristics:
075 * <ul>
076 *    <li>Warnings that appear early in the response take priority over those appearing later in the response.
077 *    <li>Warnings in the user's preferred character set take priority over warnings in other character sets but with
078 * identical warn-codes and warn-agents.
079 * </ul>
080 * 
081 * <p>
082 * Systems that generate multiple Warning headers SHOULD order them with this user agent behavior in mind.
083 * 
084 * <p>
085 * Requirements for the behavior of caches with respect to Warnings are stated in section 13.1.2.
086 * 
087 * <p>
088 * This is a list of the currently-defined warn-codes, each with a recommended warn-text in English, and a description
089 * of its meaning.
090 * <ul>
091 *    <li>110 Response is stale MUST be included whenever the returned response is stale.
092 *    <li>111 Revalidation failed MUST be included if a cache returns a stale response because an attempt to revalidate
093 *       the response failed, due to an inability to reach the server.
094 *    <li>112 Disconnected operation SHOULD be included if the cache is intentionally disconnected from the rest of the
095 *       network for a period of time.
096 *    <li>113 Heuristic expiration MUST be included if the cache heuristically chose a freshness lifetime greater than
097 *       24 hours and the response's age is greater than 24 hours.
098 *    <li>199 Miscellaneous warning The warning text MAY include arbitrary information to be presented to a human user,
099 *       or logged. A system receiving this warning MUST NOT take any automated action, besides presenting the warning
100 *       to the user.
101 *    <li>214 Transformation applied MUST be added by an intermediate cache or proxy if it applies any transformation
102 *       changing the content-coding (as specified in the Content-Encoding header) or media-type (as specified in the
103 *       Content-Type header) of the response, or the entity-body of the response, unless this Warning code already
104 *       appears in the response.
105 *    <li>299 Miscellaneous persistent warning The warning text MAY include arbitrary information to be presented to a
106 *       human user, or logged. A system receiving this warning MUST NOT take any automated action.
107 * </ul>
108 * 
109 * <p>
110 * If an implementation sends a message with one or more Warning headers whose version is HTTP/1.0 or lower, then the
111 * sender MUST include in each warning-value a warn-date that matches the date in the response.
112 * 
113 * <p>
114 * If an implementation receives a message with a warning-value that includes a warn-date, and that warn-date is
115 * different from the Date value in the response, then that warning-value MUST be deleted from the message before
116 * storing, forwarding, or using it.
117 * (This prevents bad consequences of naive caching of Warning header fields.)
118 * If all of the warning-values are deleted for this reason, the Warning header MUST be deleted as well.
119 * 
120 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5>
121 * <ul class='doctree'>
122 *    <li class='extlink'><a class='doclink' href='https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html'>Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</a>
123 * </ul>
124 */
125public final class Warning extends HeaderString {
126
127   /**
128    * Returns a parsed <code>Warning</code> header.
129    * 
130    * @param value The <code>Warning</code> header string.
131    * @return The parsed <code>Warning</code> header, or <jk>null</jk> if the string was null.
132    */
133   public static Warning forString(String value) {
134      if (value == null)
135         return null;
136      return new Warning(value);
137   }
138
139   private Warning(String value) {
140      super(value);
141   }
142}